12 
H. Rivett-Carnac —Rough Notes on some 
[No. 1, 
goni. Still they nevertheless represent the same idea. And here it may 
he noticed that the same argument of anatomical non-resemhlance might he 
advanced in regard to the well known representations, common throughout 
India, of the meaning of which to the initiated there is no doubt at all. To 
the uninitiated, however, the shapes convey nothing, and I have known cases 
of Europeans who have been many years in the country who were quite 
unsuspicious of what “ that jew’s-harp idol”, as they called it, was intended 
to represent. As the old priest at Chandeshwar said, “ Those who can 
afford it, put up a big Mahadeo ; those who can’t, put up these slabs.” 
And so also with us. The rich relations or friends of the Christian may 
put up over his grave a solid richly-carved stone cross. The grave of a 
poor man, if marked at all, has over it perhaps two pieces of wood nailed 
together in shape of a cross, or a cross roughly cut on a piece of stone. 
The Christian Church is built in the form of a cross. In Pandukoli and 
many other spots, the Mahadeo temples are built in the shape of the 
conventional symbols of that faith. And inasmuch as the symbols of the 
Mahadeo and yoni can be more conveniently indicated on stone or on 
paper by what may be called a ground plan than by a section, the form 
shewn in pi. Ill, Fig. A, Sketch V, was apparently first adopted, and this 
degenerated into the rough conventional treatment of the cup-mark and 
circle so common on monoliths in many parts of Europe. 
33. In the view that these markings are nothing but a conventional 
rendering of the Mahadeo and yoni , I am further confirmed by what has 
recently been brought to my remembrance, of the manner in which an 
Amin, or native Surveyor, will indicate a Mahadeo temple on his plotting. 
I remember that the sign used to mark the position of such temples by 
the Amins in the Field Survey of the Chanda Revenue Settlement, in 
which district I was Settlement Officer some few years ago, and where this 
form of worship is very common, almost-exactly resembled the sketch in 
Figs. B and C, plate III, sketch Y. It is not unlike the form of the 
Vestal Lamp. Indeed on the summit of a hill near Ranikhet, on the top 
of a pile of stones which did duty for a Mahadeo shrine, I found a small 
slab, bearing an almost exact resemblance to the well known form of the 
classic lamp. In the hole into which oil is poured, a small upright Mahadeo 
is placed. 
34. Perhaps enough has now been said regarding the possible signi¬ 
ficance of these mark o gs to ensure some discussion and to elicit an expres¬ 
sion of opinion from those who are better qualified than I can claim to be 
to speak with authority on the subject. I at least hope that some of the 
Members of the Society may be able to put me right where my information 
is incorrect or imperfect. Hereafter, with the help of some references and 
notes which I have in my library in the plains, I shall hope to be able to 
endeavour to trace these barrows and rocks, together with their markings, 
