1877.] 
Ancient Sculpturing s on rocks in Kamaon. 
13 
from Madras, through Central India, and the Himalayas, and thus on 
through Central Asia to the Crimea and South Eastern Europe. From 
thence there will be but little difficulty in completing the chain, through 
the Continent of Europe, to our own Islands. And if this is done, then 
there would seem to exist a sufficiently distinct tracing of the routes 
adopted by the tribe, one section of which went West, the other South, 
in their search for fresh climes and pastures new, at a period of which there 
is but faint historical record, save on the rough stones and temples with 
their markings of a type which are common to both Europe and India. 
35. Before concluding these rough, and necessarily imperfect, notes, 
I must add two extracts, which I have found since I began to write, amongst 
my limited baggage, and both of which seem to bear directly on the subjects 
above noticed. 
At para. 17, the local tradition which attributes the construction of 
the circles on the summit of the Pandukoli hill to the Pandus has been 
noticed. Here is an exactly similar tradition regarding an almost exactly 
similar class of remains near Salem in the Madras Presidency, many hun¬ 
dreds of miles to the south of the Himalayas. 
“ In a paper on Tumuli in the Salem District the Rev. Maurice Phil- 
“ lips, of the London Missionary Society, arrives at the conclusion that the 
“ tumuli were the burial-places of the non-Aryan aboriginal inhabitants of 
“ the South, who are now represented by the Dravidians, and who, like the 
“ pre-Aryan inhabitants of the North, are proved by their language to have 
“ belonged to the same branch of the human family as the Turanians ; that 
“ their ancient customs and religion disappeared before the combined influence 
“ of Brahmanism, Buddhism, and Jainism, precisely in the same way as the 
“ ancient customs of the Teutons, Celts, Latins, and Slavs disappeared in 
“ Europe before the influence of Christianity, or the ancient customs of the 
“ Scythians of Central Asia disappeared before the influence of Muliamma- 
“ danism. If this theory be correct, no tumuli in the plains of India are later 
“ than the thirteenth century A. D. and on the Neilgherry Hills, probably 
“ none are later than the fifteenth or sixteenth century A. D. The natives 
“ know nothing about the tumuli, and according to Dr. Caldwell there is no 
“ tradition respecting them either in Sanskrit literature or in that of the 
“ Dravidian languages. The Tamil people call them Pandu-Kuris, Kuri 
“ means a pit or grave, and Pandu denotes anything connected with the 
“ Pandus, or Pandava brothers, to whom all over India ancient mysterious 
“ structures are generally attributed. To call anything a work of the Pan- 
“ dus is equivalent to terming it ‘ Cyclopean’ in Greece, a work of ‘ Piets’ in 
“ Scotland, or ‘ a work of Nimrod’ in Asiatic Turkey.” 
36. And the following extract from an article in the Madras Times 
of the 7th February, 1876, bears equally on the subject. 
