100 
G. A. Grierson —Notes on the Rangpur Dialect. [No. 3, 
l and *r n are interchangeable at pleasure, especially when initial, or 
forming the last syllable of a word. In some parts of the country the peo¬ 
ple seem to have lost all power of pronouncing *r unassisted by a subsequent 
conjunct letter. Thus bdnd-ila , “ he made ” may become 
baldna or qT^TT^T baldla or qT*rr^r bdndla. ^f^RtqT! Lakshmipura becomes 
Nakhipur. 
(3.) Aspirated are interchanged with unaspirated letters, and vice 
versa. Thus Daivakini is also pronounced or 
Daivakhili or Daivakhini. 
Similarly je and jhe , who. TDf garbha and garba , a womb. 
qT^T badhd and qy^T bddd, hindrance. and qToTT bojlid and bojd, a 
burden. i}*TT and fqcfT bhend and vind , looking away. 
(4.) The vowels ^ i, ^ i, and q e, are freely interchangeable. For 
examples, see above. 
(5.) With regard to other letters— 
(«.) ^ a can take almost any vowel sound, except that of a in 
(< America.” As an extreme instance I give qffaqT kariyd, which is pro¬ 
nounced kaire or rather koire, having done. 
(b .) x i is frequently omitted, the consonants on each side forming a 
conjunct. Thus, qTf^qq" or qi^rq, bandhite or bdndhte. It is also sometimes 
inserted between the members of conjuncts. 
(c.) Single medial surd letters are elided optionally. Especially 
sq kh, also q b, \ v, and v y. 
E. g., sa-i for sakhi, ^;%r de-o for deva , fq^ pia for fsj*? 
priya. Compare Vararuchi, II. 2. 
(d.) W clih is always pronounced as a dental ^ s. ^EfT^ dchhe, is, be¬ 
comes dse. Compare Vara., II. 41, for a reverse example. 
(e .) s is never pronounced as a dental, hut always as q sh, the re¬ 
verse of Vara. II. 43. 
(/•) *u and ^' y are often pronounced as z, and this not only in Ara¬ 
bic and Persian words, but in such words as zan, when, for jakhan. 
( g .) Similarly ^\ph sometimes becomes/! 
(h.) 'q b sometimes becomes ^ m. For example see the verb paradigms. 
( i.) As in ordinary Bengali, ^ r, and \ v interchange with oT v / and 
^ b respectively. J^r also interchanges with d. 
(6.) Conjuncts. I know of no rule under which these can be brought. 
They are made and decomposed ad libitum. y and q v at the end of a com¬ 
pound are pronounced as in ordinary Bengali, r at the end of a compound 
is generally detached, as in UTTcj- par an for qT^T prana. Vara., III. 62. 
Sometimes, however, it is dropped, as in fq^ pia for fqq priya. Compare 
Vara. III. 3. At the commencement of a compound it has little effect 
beyond strengthening the letter underneath. D. g. qsqjftqjt pushkarini 
