232 V. A. Smith— Notes on the fillers of Bimdellchand. [No. 3, 
trating the supposed connection between the Bhars and Jainism, it is 
noticeable that at Dinai about a mile from Bharwara there is a colossal 
Jain image of Setnath with an inscription dated 1196 Samvat ( = 1139 
A. 1).), and the ruins of a highly ornamented temple are a conspicuous 
object on an adjoining hill top. In other localities I have found at and 
near Bhar sites small Jain sculptures which it would he tedious to specify. 
The earliest known Jain inscription in Bundelkhand, (supposing its date to 
be correctly read, which is doubtful*) is one at Khajuraho, dated 1011 
Samvat = 954 A. D., in the reign of King Dhanga : the other Jain in¬ 
scriptions from Khajuraho and Mahoba, enumerated by General Cunningham 
(Arch. Bep. II, 448), range from 1142 to 1234 Samvat, i. e., 1085 to 1177 
A. D. : eight additional dated Jain inscriptions, which I know of in various 
places in the Hamirpur District, range from 1196 to 1232 Samvat = 1139 
to 1175 A. D. At Khajuraho all the important temples, whether Vaishnava, 
Saiva, or Jain, seem to have been erected in the eleventh century A. D.f : 
we may therefore safely affirm that Jainism flourished in Bundelkhand 
during the eleventh and twelfth centuries A. D. side by side with other 
forms of religion, and we have already seen that during the same period 
much of the country was occupied by the Bhars and other aboriginal 
tribes. 
I have already mentioned that Mr. Sherring’s arguments to my mind 
proved the eastern Bhars too to be Jains; chance enables me to offer a 
fact in confirmation of this theory. 
I lately obtained from Banda a collection of hymns to the twenty- 
four deities of the Digambar Jains as there recited at a Jain shrine : the 
first hymn is addressed to Adinath, and its opening lines which I quote J 
below, show that the ruined Bhar stronghold Pampapur near Mirzapur, 
the locality described in detail by Mr. Sherring, is still a sacred place of the 
Jains. 
A Bhat supplied my pandit with lists, as complete as he could remem¬ 
ber, of the Bhar and Gond§ tribal deities ; the following he named as the 
Bhar gods:— 
* Cunningham, Arch. Rep. II, p. 433, and J. A. S. B., XXIX, 396. 
f Fergusson, Ind. Archit., p. 245. 
* j 
^ fqiTrr s "wfK i 
§ The Gond deities lie remembered were : (1) Narhar, (this is mentioned by Chand 
as the name of a Gonql champion) : (2) Nagesur : (3) Jhakajhok : (4) Gunraiya : 
(5) Karuwa. 
