1877.] 
of Eastern Turhistdn. 
255 
Ex. : ur-dum not nr-dim 
tosh-Vole not tosh-lile. 
Such are the principles on which the practice seems to rest. The fol¬ 
lowing are generally the rules hy which these principles work ; but they 
must be considered rather as tendencies than as rigid laws, and they only 
act where no other consideration interferes. 
It is not all affixes that are liable to variation. Some seem to partake 
of the unchangeable nature of the roots. The particular affixes which are 
liable to phonetic variation will be pointed out in the following pages. 
PHONETIC TAXATIONS OE CONSONANTS. 
Final Letter oe Root 
(Simple or Compound). 
Consequent initial of Affix. 
Guttural. 
Denial . 
Usually after 
t, k, g, n, in 
body of Root. 
Usually after 
h, p, ch, d , s, m, 
1, g, q, in body 
of Root. 
a, d, e, g, h, i, j, 1, m, n, o, r, u, z, 
Ex. 1, (See below). 
ch, k, q, p, s, sh, t. Ex. 2, 
(See below). 
d Soft 
t Sard 
[AT. B .—If the root ends with either of the consonants with which 
the affix may begin, there is simply a re-duplication. 
Ex. : tig-gan not tig-lean V\ 
Ex. 1: salcla-gkan, sakla-di, from salela-male = to take care of. 
leel-gan, ke!-di.i, from leel-male — to come. 
qel-gkan, qel-di, from qel-mdq = to do. 
tut-ma-ghan, from tut-mdq ■= to seize. 
leon-ga , “ to a day”, yol-gka “ to a road”. 
Ex. 2 : ishit-\an, ishit-ii , from ishit-male — to hear. 
feet-kan , leet-te, from leet-male — to go. 
kech-k&n, leech-ii , from leech-male = to pass over. 
qdch-e\an , qach-ti , from qacli-maq — to flee. 
tish-ka, “ to a tooth”, ydsli-(]a } “ to an age”. 
K K 
