of Eastern TurTcistan. 
259 
1877.] 
As before mentioned, the Plural affix of the noun, where employed, 
precedes these (as well as any other) affixes. 
Ex. : dt-lar-im = my horses. 
yort-lar-ing — thy countries [to be distinguished from yort-dnglar = your 
(PL) country.] 
yort-lar-inglar or yort-lar-ingiz = your countries. 
Again :— yol-i = his (her, its or their) road. 
yol-lar-i = his (her, its or their) roads. 
These Possessive Affixes are merely subsidiary to the regular Posses¬ 
sive Pronouns (or Nouns in the genitive, in the case of the 3rd person), 
which, as in European languages, precede the governing Nouns. This 
will be further treated of in the Chapter on Pronouns. 
( b ). The second set of Affixes that may be attached to Nouns an¬ 
swer the purpose accomplished by declensional inflections and by prepositions 
in the classical and modern languages of Europe. For the sake of clear¬ 
ness they will be here classed under the ordinary declensional headings 
or cases ; though these Affixes have not yet grown into the words they are 
attached to, as in the inflectional languages, but remain separate Post¬ 
positions. 
Cases. 
Substantive. Post-positions. 
English. 
Nominative 
at 
• • • 
a horse. 
Genitive 
at 
ning \_nung or nang ~\ # 
of a horse. 
Dative 
at 
glia \_q_a , Tea or ga ]f 
to a horse. 
Accusative 
at 
C ’n (Possessive) 
—’s horse. 
C ni 
a horse. 
Locative 
at 
da 
in (or at) a horse. 
Ablative 
at 
din [or dan] 
from a horse. 
birla or bilan 
with a horse. 
&c., &c. 
A - . B .—The Possessive form of the Accusative is employed as a Pos¬ 
sessive Affix of the 3rd person only. 
Ex.: Bddshdh-ning at -in alip-hel, Bring the king’s horse. 
Any of these Post-positions (Sec. b.) may be agglomerated on to the 
end of any of the Possessive Affixes (Sec. a.) going through the whole 
declension with each of the latter. 
Ex.: yol-um-nung , yol-um-ga, yol-um-ni, yol-um-cla , Sfc., dt-lar-imiz-din , Sfc. 
road my of , road my to, road my (ace,), road my in horse (pi.) our from 
The order in which the Affixes treated of in this Chapter take their 
* See “ Phonetic Variation of Vowels.” The Yarkandis have a preference for the 
form nang. 
f See “ Phonetic Variation of Consonants.” 
