264 
[No. 3, 
31. 13. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language 
Exs. of the former : mun-ddgh = this-like. 
shun-ddgh = that-like, such. 
Exs. of the latter : mun-cha = this amount, this much. 
shun-ga-cha = to that amount, so much, 
and combined : an-dagh-cha = to an amount similar to that. 
Used as Adjectives, these are indeclinable ; but they are also sometimes 
employed alone, in which case they take the usual post-positions. [They 
are also employed as Adverbs.] 
The particle Id or gi is used almost as a Pronoun. It answers to the 
Hindustani “ walla.” Thus maning-lci = mine, JBddshdh-ning-ki = the 
King’s. It therefore takes the place of some noun which is understood 
between the speakers. It receives the usual post-positions ; for instance, 
if a horse is in question, one may say “ LCim-ning - Ki-gci mindi ” = whose 
did he ride ? c< maning-Kl-ni urdi” — he struck mine. The English word 
“ one” most nearly expresses it : “ the one belonging to me,” &c. # 
We shall see in the Syntax that this (or its parallel forms gi or glii) 
takes the place of a relative pronoun in subordinate sentences. 
Interrogative Pronouns are him = who ? ; ni — what ? The latter 
with the addition of the interrogative affix mu or ma, makes ni-ma = 
what ? ; with cha it makes ni-cha = how much ? ; with the Persian chand 
it makes ni-chand = how many ? 
Again a number of these words are derived from an obsolete qai = 
which. Thus, with the possessive affix, qai-si = which or who (of them): 
qai-daq = what like ? 
Probably as corruptions of these have arisen the forms qan-dagh = 
what like ? and qan-cha = how much ? 
Several adverbs also are derived from ni and qai. 
All these interrogative pronouns (excepting ni) take the usual affixes. 
Ex. : qai-si- “ which of us” 
nima- ni aitti “ what said he ?” 
# # # 
Indefinite Pronouns are ldm-ersa\ — some one; nim’-ersaf = some¬ 
thing, also ni-ersaf = something ; ni-cliand — a certain number ; icishi = 
somebody, also used substantively for “a person hama (p) and hama-si 
= all, or the whole (of it or them). 
* This also is an old Uigur form. See Yamhery’s “ Uigur. Sprach-monumente”, 
p. 35. 
f Perhaps compounded with irsa “ may be” [the Potential of irmak] ; thus Jcim-ersa 
would be “who (ever it) may be,” ni-ersa “what (ever it) maybe.” See Kudatku 
Bilik, Introd., hargiz kirn irsa. .qelmdUturur “ whosoever he may be...he does not make” 
(‘ qui que ce soit...ne fait.’) 
