2GS 
R. B. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language 
[No. 3, 
PI. 1. 
Du B.-miz*— 
(lit.) 
we stand 
2. 
Dur-slz = 
it 
ye stand 
3. 
DuR-/«r = 
a 
(they) stnad 
or Duk-wuz (dignified 
form used in Aksu, 
Ac.) 
Du K-siz. 
T)UK-lar. 
N. B. It will be noticed that when the Pers. Pronouns are thus used 
as Tense-endings the Pronouns of the 3rd pers. are omitted. In the Sin¬ 
gular the stem stands alone for the 3rd pers., and in the Plural, the mere 
affix of Plurality is added. 
Past Auxiliary 
with the Possessive Pronominal affix of each person added : 
1. 
1 2 
Irt )-im 
1 
= I was ... (or) past existence [is] 
2 
mine. 
2. 
i—i 
w 
b 
= thou wert „ 
a 
thine. 
3. 
Ird-^ 
= he was „ 
ft 
his. 
1. 
iRD-^f 
— we were „ 
tt 
ours. 
2. 
hm-ingiz 
= ye were „ 
ft 
yours. 
3. 
Inn-Uar 
= they were „ 
a 
theirs. 
[This word is pronounced iclim, &c., dropping the r.~\ 
There is another auxiliary verb bol -maq (root bol) = to become or 
be. Its Continve. Participle is boldr or bolur, &c. Its Potential Participle 
is, in regular form, bols«. Also note a defective verb in the 3rd person 
singular, viz., “ bar ” = there is. 
We have thus as materials out of which to form the Verb-Conjuga¬ 
tion, on the one hand 7 £7m-elements (Root and Participles, see above), 
and on the other 10 co-efficient elements :— 
* Note that biz takes the form miz when used as a verbal termination. This is 
a beginning of the process by which the Osmanli personal tense-terminations have 
become differentiated from their originals, the Personal Pronouns. 
f This 'Jc is an abnormal form used instead of the possessive affix of the 1st person 
plural 'miz. Now this is the only one of the six persons whose possessive affix cannot 
easily be distinguished from its affixed Personal Pronoun ; and this probably led to the 
substitution of another form for the former in the case of verbs, to avoid confusion in 
the first person plural, between tenses ending with the Personal Pronoun and those 
ending with the Possessive Pronoun. 
