278 R. B. Shaw— A Grammar of the Language [No. 3, 
IV. The auxiliary verb bol-maq in the Future-Present Tense when 
applied to the Past Participle of a Verb also gives a Tense : 
(a) qel-?)? bolar-man, or bolur-man &c. = “ I shall have done,” lit. 
“ I shall be or become (in the condition of) having done.” 
This is the Fat are Perfect Tense. 
V. Next we take the Past Auxiliary irdi or idi, and apply it to the 
several radical elements. 
Auxiliary : idi 
(«) with the Root — 
qel -idim contracted to qel -dim. (The d and the i change accord¬ 
ing to the Rules of Phonetic Variation.) 
[AT. B .— But it is possible that we ought rather to consider this tense 
as formed directly in each verb by the addition of a d ; as ir-d-im itself 
w 7 as formed from the root of irmaJc and the Possessive Affix, &c. But if 
so, we can still trace this form no further back, beyond knowing that the 
d must confer a kind of substantival meaning* to allow of the application 
of a Possessive affix, by which combination a Past sense is acquired (see 
12 3 3 
explanation of qelghan-im.) In this case qel-d-im would be literally “ my 
2 1 
action of doing (exists),” and thus, “ I have done.”] 
At any rate the form qel-dim , &c., is used in the sense of “ I did,” &c., 
in relating particular occurrences. It may be called 
The Deeixite Past Texse. 
1. QEL-d-im “ I did” 
2. QEL-d-ing “thou didst” 
3. QEL-d-i “he did” 
1. QEL-d-iq “ we did” 
2. QEL-d-ingiz “ ye did” 
3. QEL-d-ilar “they did” 
(A) with the Participle of Coxtixuaxce —■ 
qel ar-idim or 'dim, or qiUMr-idim = I was continuously doing. 
This may be used of an Habitual action, “ I used to do,” but more usually 
it applies only to a particular Past time, and predicates the incompletion 
of the action at that time. In other words it is our Imperfect “ I was 
doing.” 
By dropping the final r and the initial i, and hardening the d (to 
avoid confusion with other tenses), the Yarkandis get qelattim , which 
is the word in vulgar use instead of qeldr-idim. 
* See Max Muller’s “ Science of Language,” Lecture VIII, p. 346 (Fifth Ed.). 
