1877.] 
279 
of Eastern TurJcistdn. 
The Imperfect or Habitual Tense. 
1. QELfir-id-im ( gelattim ) “ I was doing” or “ used to do” 
2. QELdr-id-ing ( geldtting ) “thou wert doing” 
3. QELcb’-id-i ( qeldtti ) “ he was doing.” 
1. QELar-id-ik (gelattiq) “ we were doing.” 
2. QELdr-id-ingiz {gelattingiz) “ ye were doing.” 
3. QELdr-id-ilar (geldttilar) “they were doing.” 
( c .) with the Perfect Participle— 
qel ijp-icl-im, (Yarkand pronunciation geliptim,') &c., = I was (in 
the position of) having completely done; i. e., I had done. 
The Pluperfect Tense. 
1. QEL^p-id-im “ I had done.” 
or-tim 
2. QEL(p-id-ing “ thou hadst done.” 
-ting 
3. QEL^jp-id-i “ he has done.” 
-ti 
1. QEL?“p-id-ik “ we had done.” 
-tiq 
2. QEL^-id-ingiz “ye had done.” 
-tingiz 
3. QEL?£>-id-ilar “ they had done.” 
-tilar 
This therefore is a Pluperfect. It would refer to a special act, while 
the next Tense would be employed in a more general sense. 
E. g. “ I had read his letter just before he arrived” would be ren¬ 
dered by .... oqiCp-idim; but “ I had read Turki before ever I went to 
Turkistan” would be rendered by .... oqu-ghan-idim % 
(d .) with the Indefinite Participle— 
qel ghcm-id-im, &c., = I was (in the position of) being a past 
doer, (viz. a person who had done). This throws hack the doing before the 
time referred to, but that doing is itself indefinite. Such a shade of mean¬ 
ing has no exactly corresponding expression in English, but roughly it may 
also be translated : “ I had done,” or “ I had been doing” and the Tense 
may he called 
The Indefinite Pluperfect. 
1. QELyAaw-id-im “ I had done.” 
2. QELy/*hm-id-ing “ thou hadst done.” 
3. QELy/?im-id-i “ he had done.” 
1. QELy/ww-id-ik “ we had done.” 
2. QELy^^m-id-ingiz “ ye had done.” 
3. QELy'A^m-id-ilar “ they had done.” 
( e ). with the Potential Participle— 
N N 
