292 
[No. 3, 
R. B. Sliaw— A Grammar of the Language 
JMnghali bugur-dum = “ I commanded (him) to go” ; viz. “ I com¬ 
manded (him) in order that he should go” or “ so that ho should go.” 
(b) . Qel ip. The Perfect Participle. This when used in subordinate 
sentences may he considered as a verbal-adjective qualifying the subject of 
the chief sentence. 
Ex. : bu kafir-ni uiqu-si-din itigiiat -ip ( man) iman-gha targhib qel-a'i 
= “ (I) having awakened this infidel from his sleep, should persuade him 
towards the Faith.” 
Here “ having awakened,” &c., is obviously the qualification of “ I,” 
which is the subject of the main verb “ should persuade.” 
This is the chief form in which a verb enters into composition with 
another verb. See “ Compound Verbs.” 
This Participle is also used in a Passive sense : e. g. sinip ketti , lit. “ it 
has gone broken” (tut gaga, H.) But sinip birdi “ he broke (it)” ( tor 
digd , H.). Again, 
Dozakh dep ger —“ the place called Hell.” 
This passive use is less common. 
(c) (fF^-ghach, the Preterite. A similar account may be given of this 
(see above, first para, of ( b .) Qelip). The meaning is: “ after having done.” 
(d) . Qel«-qel«. The Reduplicated Present Participle. This de¬ 
notes “ continued doing” or “ repeated doing.” 
Ex. : Sultan shikar qel«-qel« Artush-ga getti= li The Sultan, hun¬ 
ting as he ivent, arrived at Artush.” 
Qel ma'i, the Negative Present=“ not doing” i. e., “without doing.” 
(e) . Qe hghdn. This indefinite (Past or Present) form does duty also 
as an adjective ; and here again it may apply either to the agent or the 
object (direct or indirect). Of course as an adjective it is indeclinable : 
Ex. : ishit lean so2=the speech heard (pass.). 
Afghan kishi=.t)iQ person taking, or, who has taken (act). 
It may be itself joined to a noun or jDronouy, which may be either its 
subject or object. 
Ex. : man~<p&Lghan ish= the work that I do (lit. the me-done work). 
shahid-'BOJjghdn ger-da —in the place where (so and so) became 
a martyr (lit. in the martyr-becoming place). 
( f ) . Qe ha-durghan. The adjective of Paulo-post Futurity; (see 
remarks, p. 276). 
Ex. : erti ivRTK-durghan JIaj)i—A\n pilgrim who is going to start to¬ 
morrow (lit. the to-morrow-about-to-start pilgrim). 
but-kliana iTA-durghan ger-da— in the place where the idol-temple 
was (or is) to be built (lit. in the temple-about-to-build (be-built) 
place). 
It will be seen that this, like all the forms of the Indefinite in ghan, 
