295 
1877.] of Eastern TurJcistdn. 
THE COMPOUND PASSIVE. 
The addition of the Auxiliary verb bolmaq, “ to become,” to the Past 
Participle of the Transitive verb, forms a Passive, which may be conjugated 
through all the tenses of the verb “ bolmaq .” 
Ex. : oqidp-bolmaq , “ to be read.” 
oquf-bolghan , “read.” (Indef. Past Participle.) 
oqu'p-bolar, “ it is about being read.” 
&c. &c. 
For the Simple Passive see the Chapter on “ Secondary Forms of the 
Verb.” 
We may now say a few words about the Impersonal Auxiliary above- 
mentioned—“ bar’\ This must he carefully distinguished from the verb bar - 
mdq, “ to go,” which enjoys a complete conjugation. 
JSdr, (pronounced in Yarkand, ba) the Impersonal Auxiliary, means 
“ there is.” # It is also used to connect the predicate with its subject 
affirmatively, or rather to affirm the existence of the subject as connected 
with that particular predicate, in the same way that yog denies its existence 
in that connection. 
In that sense it sometimes has the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd Per¬ 
sons affixed to it. It is also sometimes prefixed to the Auxiliaries durman, 
idim, and i/can, and conjugated by their means as follows :— 
1. ~BAH-man f or 
2. Bar -san or 
3. Bab or 
1. BKR-miz or 
2. Bar-s/# or 
3. Bab or 
Present. 
BAK-durman, J “ I exist” or “ I am.” 
Bar -dursan, “ thou existest,” &c r 
“ he exists,” &c. 
“ we exist,” &c. 
“ ye exist,” &c. 
“ they exist,” &c. 
Bar -dur 
BKR-durmiz , 
BAK-dwrsiz, 
Bar- durlar, 
Indefinite-Past. 
3. Bar -ikan 
“ I am” 
or 
“ may be 
thou art,” 
&c. 
he is,” &c. 
we are,” 
&c. 
ye are,” 
&c. 
they are,” 
&c. 
Bar -id-im, “ I was.” 
BKR-id-ing, “thou wert.” 
BkR-id-i, “ he was.” 
JjAU-id-ik, “we were.” 
I>ATL-id-ingiz, “ ye were.” 
Ba n-id-ilar, “ they were.” 
* Primarily it means “ existence,” hut used verbally in the Turki manner it means 
“ there is.” 
f The present of BAR-wa^, “to go,” would he BAua-man, &c. 
% The tense in dur is used, when the fact is merely presumed, to mean “ there 
must he,” “there prohahly is” (H. howega ). See remarks, p. 276. 
P P 
