802 
R. B. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language [No. 3, 
Now all but the simplest of these are susceptible of a different order in the 
affixes (giving a difference of meaning, see above). Moreover, affixes may 
recur in the same combination (see preceding page). If we allow that 
these methods double the number of basal forms, we shall be well within 
the mark, and so we may fairly admit the figure 100 given above. 
Now there are some 44 complete Tenses (or conjugated expressions), 
and 4 Tenses with only 4 personal forms apiece. Thus we get 280 Tense- 
persons applicable to each of the 100 Compound Roots or Bases, besides 
verbal substantives and adjectives. Multiplying the two sums together 
we see that the number of intelligible forms which a single Turki Primary 
Transitive Verb-root is capable of giving rise to, is not less than 28,000. 
Prof. Max Muller states that “ each Verb in Greek, if conjugated 
through all its voices, tenses, moods, and persons, yields, together with its 
participles, about 1,300 forms” (Max Muller Lectures on the Science of 
Language, 5th Ed., Vol., I, p. 305.) 
CHAPTER VII. 
ADVERBS, POST-POSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, NUMERALS. 
THE ADVERB. 
Many Adjectives are used as Adverbs without alteration. 
Of course it would be superfluous to give a long list of Adverbs, which 
would be found again in the Vocabulary. But there are certain groups of 
Compounds which call for notice : 
(a) . First, a large number are formed by means of the Locative Affix 
da = “ at” or “ in also din = c> from,” and ga or ha = “ to 
qai-da or qan-da = in what (place) ? where ? 
un-da — in that (place), there. 
u'-yer-da — in that place. 
uza-si-da = on the top of it. 
tuban-da = at the bottom. 
ara-si-din — from the midst of it. 
nim'-ish-lca &c. = wherefore P (lit.) to what work ? 
It will be observed that these are merely Pronouns or Substantives in 
the Locative, Dative, or Ablative cases. 
(b) . The Affix dih, dag or dcigh gives rise to some Adverbs of simili¬ 
tude. 
qai-daq = what like P how ? 
?nun-dagh = like this, thus. 
shun-ddgh = like that, so. 
&c. 
