of Eastern TurJcistdn. 
303 
1877.] 
Other Compound Adverbs can be formed in the same way by means of 
the Affix ddq or dik with various Substantives or Pronouns. . 
(<?). Another set is formed by affixing elm, which implies “ extent” 
or “ amount.” 
qdn-cha = how much P 
mun-cha — this much. 
shun-cha — that much. 
ni-cha = how much ? 
(<*)• Sometimes this Affix clia is preceded by the Dative Post-position: 
an-ga-cha = “to that extent” or “ so far as that”. 
kachan-ga-cha — “ to what extent of time ?” i. e., “ till when ?” 
Thus the Compound Affix gha-cha comes to mean, in point of place 
“ so far as,” and in point of time “ until.” It answers to the Compound 
Verbal Affix glmn-elm. This is written in Kashghar ghu-chci , which would 
derive it from the Future Participle is ghu ; or it may be the termination 
of the Indefinite Past Participle “ glion” with the same affix “ chaf and 
thus QEL-glmn-cha would be literally “ to the extent of the (indefinite) 
“ doing,” which sense agrees well enough with the common use of this form 
viz., “ whilst doing” or “ than doing.” * 
Neg. <ZEh-ma-gliun-clia,=z u whilst not doing,” i. e. “until (he or it 
&c.) does.” 
Ex. : mulaqat BOh-ma-ghun-cJm = until a visit was paid, (lit. “ whilst 
not paid”). 
Saning din-ing-gha Kin-gliun-clia = than entering into thy Faith. 
(e) . The Substantive ydn “ side” forms several Adverbs : 
gdi-ydn-gha — to which side ? 
qdi-ydn-da = in what direction ? 
u-yan-din or u-ydn-i-din — from that direction. 
bu-ydn-da or bu-ydn-i-da — in this direction. 
(f) . Next comes a group of which the derivation is less plain, but 
the connection in sense and form evident. 
biri — on this side. 
nari = on that side. 
ichhari = inside [icJirci — ditto (also found)]. 
tdshqari = outside. 
it gar i = before. 
yogari = above. 
utra or utrv, = opposite, facing. 
N. B .—It will be observed that the sense of all these is locative while 
the terminations are two : the simple ari or iri, and the fuller kari or gari. 
It is probable from analogy that some word indicating “place” or “locality” 
must be the origin of these endings. That word must be found in the 
Q Q 
