301 
R. B. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language 
[No. 3, 
simpler as well as in the fuller forms. Hence it may be inferred that the 
Jc (q or g) of some of them is not a part of the word we are seeking. Look¬ 
ing then simply at ari or iri, where we are to find the meaning “ locality,” 
we are reminded at once of yer-i = “ its place.” I venture to suggest, 
therefore, that hiri may be a corruption of hu-yeri ( = this place), and 
nari of an-yeri or ’ n-yeri ( = that place). 
As for the others, icJiJcari , &c., it will be observed that icJi is a 
Substantive (see Vocabulary) meaning “ the interior.” Task or tisJi 
means “ the outside.” Again it may be gathered by comparing the 
Chaghatai word ilai “before” with the Uigur word iliJc (? il-liJc) 
“first,” that there must once have been a word il meaning “front,” 
which would be the origin of il-gari. Lastly, as there is an Uigur Verb 
yoq-la-7iiaq = “ to be elevated,” it may be gathered that yoq as a root con¬ 
veys the idea of height, whence yoqari. 
It will be observed that such of these compounds as take the simpler form 
without Jc, begin with Pronouns, while those which take a Jc , &c., before the 
element ari begin with Substantives. Now an Adjectival Pronoun can 
be prefixed to a Substantive without intermediation. But a Substantive 
cannot be so attached to another Substantive. The regular formation in 
such a case is to affix the particle gi or Jci [see p. 279 (b)] to the former, 
making it into an Adjective of Relation. Now this is exactly what we 
find in these words. Wherever the first element is a Substantive, we find a 
Jc introduced between the two parts of the word. This confirms my sup¬ 
position that the final element is a Substantive. If we wished to combine 
the Substantive ich “ interior” with the Substantive yer or yeri “ place” 
according to rule—we should say icli-lci-yeri = “ the inward place”, “ the in¬ 
side” ( ich-Jci being an Adjective of Relation meaning “ inward”) a form 
easily contracted to ich-Jdari. And so, tash-f ari for tasJi-qi-yeri “ the out¬ 
side il-g'ari for il-gi-yeri “ the fore-side;” yoq'ari for yoq-qi-yei'i “ the 
up-side.” (JJtra is probably from a Participle of ut-7naJc “to cross”, and 
not from a Substantive.) 
But it may be said that these words (if formed as I have suggested) 
are mere Compound Substantives, and not Adverbs. This is so true that 
they are often treated exactly like Substantives. They are not only declined 
by means of Post-positions (e. g., ilgari-da , tashqari-gJia, &c.), but they are 
also frequently put in the “ possessed” form, and govern the genitive of 
the object, e. g. ui-nmg ichJcari-si-gha, “ to 'the inside of the house” ; man- 
ing ilgari-m-da , “ at the front of me.” 
Vambery thinks that these forms may be divided into a mark of the 
dative ga , and a final syllable ra or re (indicating a direction towards accor¬ 
ding to Schott)*. I have ventured to offer another solution above, which I 
* Quoted by Vambery, “ Cbagataiscbe Spracbstudien,” p. 20, note. 
