305 
1877.] of Eastern Turkistdn. 
will further support by remarking that the treatment of these forms as Sub¬ 
stantives (see last para.) quite accords with the supposition that they are for- 
1 2 3 4 5 6 
med on the word “ yer-i .” Thus ui-ning ichkari-si-gha would he (lit.) 
653 42 1 12 3 4 56 
“to its inner place of the house,” and mailing ilgari-m-cla wouldhe (lit.) 
6 5 3 4 2 1 
“ at my front place of me.” 
But such expressions are hardly consistent with the supposition that 
ichkari is made up of ich the “ interior” plus ka “ to” (. Bat .), plus ri (a 
12 3 4 
Post-position supposed to imply direction towards). For ui-ning ich-ka-ri-si - 
5 5 4 3 2 1 
glia would then be (lit.) “ to its towards to interior of the house” with 3 
Post-positions (two of them identical) agglomerated on the top of one 
another, and only broken by a Possessive Affix detached from any Noun. 
And mailing il-ga-ri-m-da would be on the same system (lit.) “ at my 
towards to front of me.” 
With regard to such forms as qdit-ru “ backwards,” uz-ra up &c. (to 
which may be added ich-ra “ inside”) quoted by Prof. Vambery to prove 
that the syllable ra is separate from the (supposed) Dative termination 
ka, and does not form part with it of a single element kari or gari, this 
conclusion is doubtless correct, as moreover the examples biri and nari show. 
Prof. Vambery and I are agreed in thinking that the k element is distinct 
from the r element. What they each represent, is a different question. If 
the latter meant “ direction towards,” the addition of the former with much 
the same sense, (viz. ka — to) would be superfluous ; and still more so, on 
this supposition, would be a second apposition of the same affix in the 
expression tdshqari-gha , &c. 
Moreover in the words above quoted of Eastern Turkistani, I cannot 
trace any signification of “ direction towards.” In that dialect they all 
apply to “ rest in a place” (e. g. Tdshqari is the name of the outer courtyard 
of a house, and ichkari that of the inner or women’s court), as moreover can 
be gathered from the fact that to express motion the dative post-position 
is added; e. g. tdshqari gha “ to the outside,” “ outward” ; while it is quite 
correct to say ichkari ulturadur “ he is sitting inside,” tdshqari turdi “ he 
stood outside,”* which would he abnormal if those words implied motion or 
direction towards. As for the forms ich-ra, uz-ra , &c. (from the substantives 
ich = interior and uza = surface) where we should expect to find the par¬ 
ticle ki following the initial element, it is probable that in the more 
Westerly dialects (for they are not common in Eastern Turkistan), the 
substantive yeri, having already been contracted to ra or ri, has further 
* The phrase, “ Bddslidh birla Wazir tashqari tur-up irdi-lar" = “ The King- and 
Vizier were standing outside has been found. 
