of Eastern Turlcistdn. 
809 
1877.] 
[AT. E .—The termination is often written and pronounced ji. The 
ordinal affix is only applied to the last term of a compound number as : b ir 
yilz qirq-sa kiz-inchi = one hundred and forty-eighth.] 
There are also some Numeral Adverbs formed by the additional of ’ n . 
As bir-in iki-n — by ones and by twos. 
N. E .—Perhaps a contraction of bir-din iki-din, which form also 
exists with the same meaning. 
Eir-ar, (no ik-ar), och-ar, tort-ar &c., = “ singly,” “by threes,” “by 
fours,” &c. 
“Once,” “twice,” &c., are formed with qatim “time” as, iki-qatim 
“ twice,” besh-qatim “ five times,” &c. 
THE TUEKI YE AE-CYCLE 
Consists of twelve solar years, each named after some animal in a fixed 
order, as follows :— 
1. Sachkan 
2 . m 
8. Ears 
4. Tausliqan 
5. Ealik 
6. llan 
“ The Mouse.” 
“ The Ox.” 
“ The Leopard.” 
“ The Hare.” 
“ The Fish or Dra¬ 
gon. 
“ The Serpent. 
» 
7. At 
8. Qo'i 
9. Maimun 
10. Tokhi 
11. It 
“ The Horse.” 
“ The Sheep.” 
“ The Ape.” 
“ The Cock.” 
“ The Dog.” 
12. Tunghuz “ The Hog.” 
The present year (1874-75) is the year of the “ Dog.” The year be¬ 
gins and ends in the spring, and is divided into twelve ‘ mansions,’ in each 
of which the Sun spends a month (the twelve Signs of the Zodiac). These 
are known only by their Arabic names at the present day. 
The above chronological arrangement of solar years is purely Turkish 
(or perhaps Tartar in the extended sense). The Muhammadan lunar years 
and months are in more common use now ; the solar ones being only em¬ 
ployed in calculations of age and in matters where it may be a question of 
the season. 
Each entire cycle is called a “ muchal.” 
CHAPTER VIII. 
DEEIYATION OE WOEDS. 
Formation or Derivation of Substantives. 
(a). A noun of the Agent is formed by adding the affix chi to the 
Future Participle or to the Infinitive form of a Verb : 
