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R. B. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language 
[No. 3, 
Ex. : qel -ghu-chi = a doer. 
TsiR-maJc-chi = a giver. 
(b) . A Noun of Profession is formed by affixing chi to the name of 
the object used, or of the matter dealt with : 
Ex. : miltek-chi = a musketeer. 
zakdt-chi = a Custom’s official. 
(c) . An Abstract Noun is formed by the addition of HJc or luh 
(with Phonetic variation both of Vowel and Consonant) to an Adjective or 
Adverb, or even to another Substantive : 
Ex. : Sarigh-liq = yellow-ness. 
Tola-lik = much-ness. 
JJstdd-lik = art (from ustdd “ artificer,” p.). 
Gum-rdh-lik — perdition (from gum-rah , “ lost road,” p.). 
Also to an Infinitive, or the Verbal Adverb in “ ghuncha” 
ultur-mak-lik = slaughter (from ultur-mak “ to kill).” 
ishU-kuncha-lik = worth-hearing-ness. 
(d) . A Noun of Origin is formed by adding lik (or luk) to the name 
of a country or place : 
Ex. : Khoqand-liq =a man of Ivhokand, a Khokandi. 
(<?). A Noun of Connection, by adding chan to any word to denote 
continuous or frequent connection : 
Ex. : aghrik-chan— one who is constantly ill, an invalid. 
salla-chan— one who always wears a turban (salla). 
(f). A Noun of Eellow-ship is made by affixing dash or lash (an¬ 
swering to our “-fellow”)* 
Ex. : atd-ddsli = a brother by the same father (ata), 
qursdq-dash — a twin (lit. “ womb-fellow”). 
dsli-ddsh or talaq-ddsh—n meal-fellow, or one who is a companion 
at a meal. 
onaktab-dash = school-fellow, (maktab, “ school,” A.). 
(y). A Verbal Substantive is formed by affixing k, q , g or gh to the 
Root, supplying the proper vowel when necessary, before it. The meaning 
is either the action of the Verb, or the result of that action : 
Ex. : Trz-w&=an institution (from tuz-mak ). 
titra-’/c— a trembling (from titra-mak “to tremble”). 
[AT. JB .—That this Substantive is derived from the Verb, and not vice 
versa, is shown by the fact that the verbal form derived from tuzuk would 
be tuzuk-la-mak , and not tuz-mak, &c. (see “ Formation of Verbs”).] 
DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES. 
(a). The Adjective of Likeness is formed by affixing dilc (which 
is subject to Phonetic variations of the guttural) to a Substantive : 
Ex. : qoi-diq — “ sheep-like” (from qoi “a sheep”). 
