311 
1877.] of Eastern Turhistan, 
(b) . The Adjective o£ Relation is formed by the addition of the 
particle gi or lei to Substantive, Adjective, Adverb or Participle (see pp. 26 
and 77) : 
Ex. : kin-gi= u following,” “last” (from kin — rear) ; 
yetkan-gi =“ arriving,” or “ which has arrived.” 
(c) . The Adjective of Quality is formed by affixing lik (or luk) 
(subject to Phonetic variation of guttural) to a Substantive or Participle : 
Ex. : JDada-lik haqq — “ a father’s right” (fatherly right). 
Kaf ristan-lik=“ infidel” (said of a whole country) ; from Ka- 
firistan = “ aland of infidels”. 
(d) . A Verbal Adjective is formed by adding k or q to a Verb Root 
(supplying a vowel before it when necessary). 
Ex. : aghri-q — ill, from aghri-maq=to he ill. 
td’q — satisfied, from toi-maq —to he content. 
tuz-uk—r\^ht, in order, (see p. 58 (f) and note). 
( e ) . An Adjective of Habit is formed by adding one of the affixes 
kcik , qaq or chak to the root of a Verb : 
Ex. : ocli-qaq = u flying about much ;” from och-maq— u to fly.” 
qurq-qaq= u fearing much ;” from qurq-maq —to fear. 
irin-chak= il lazy ;” from irin-mak— u to procrastinate.” 
(/*). An Adjective or Adverb of Fashion or Mode by adding cha: 
Ex. : mazliim-cha chappan—ii woman’s robe. Turk-clm min-mak—to 
ride as a Turk. 
COMPOUND AND DEEIVATIVE VEBBS. 
( a ) . The commonest compound is the Perfect Participle of one Verb 
prefixed to another Verb which completes the meaning, and which is con¬ 
jugated as may be required. 
Ex. : sat-ip almaq —to buy, or take by purchase, (s^^-^ = sold, almaq 
=to take). 
alijp-Tjarmaq = to take away {alip — having taken ; Jjdrmaq — 
to go), contracted in Yarkand to aparmaq. 
yctip-qalmaq —to exceed, (gyetip —having reached a limit) ; qal- 
maq —to remain (over). 
kiiyup-birmak —to burn, or “give over to burning” (Jciiyup— ha¬ 
ving burnt, ~birmak —to give). # 
It will be remembered that the auxiliary Ijolmaq used in this way 
with the Perfect Participle of a Transitive Verb makes a Passive, e. g ., 
qelip-bolmaq — to be done. 
( b ) . Another formation consists of the Present Participle of one 
* JBirma/c “to give”, qo'i-maq 11 to put”, and some others, are often reduntantly 
used in the second place, like the Hind, dena , &c. 
R R 
