312 R. B. Shaw —A Grammar of the Language [No. 3, 
Verb before another Verb of different signification, answering to the Eng¬ 
lish combination of a similar kind. 
Ex. : qela-bashlamaq —to begin doing, or “ to begin to do.” 
A Verb is formed from a Substantive by affixing la to form the Verb- 
root. Verbs thus formed are numerous : 
Ex. : ish-la-maq—t o work (from ish “ work”). 
bdsh-la-maq —to lead or to begin, “ to head” (from bash “ head”). 
A Verb of colour is formed by affixing the syllable V to the adjective 
of colour, &c. 
Ex. : aq-ar-maq — to become white. 
Oz-ga-r-maq = to change colour (from bz-ga = other). 
CHAPTER X. 
SYNTAX. 
The following are points to be noted :— 
1. The nominative or subject generally comes first in a sentence, and 
the verb always last. 
Ex. : “ Hazrat Stjltan shi7car-ga chiqtilar” = “ The Sultan went out 
to hunt.” 
When it is desired to put emphasis upon the subject, it comes imme¬ 
diately before the verb. 
Ex. : “ Hazrat Suit an-g a Tcalima tayiba-ni khwaja khazar or gat- 
tilar.” 
viz. “ It was Khwaja Khazar who taught the ‘ kalima tayiba’ to His 
Highness the Sultan.” 
Literally : “ To His Highness the Sultan the kalima-tayiba (accusa¬ 
tive) Khwaja Khazar taught.” 
2. The usual order of a simple sentence is : 
( a ) . That the accusative or object shall immediately precede the verb 
and its adverbs or adverbial expressions, (other cases coming first) : 
Ex. : “ IDi'aja Abu-l-Nasr Samani Hazrat Sultan-ga iman-ni 
shul-yer-da orgattilarA 
“ Kh’aja Abu-l-Nasr Samani to His Highness the Sultan the 
faith (acc.) on-the-spot taught.” 
( b ) . Sometimes the seeming accusative forms really part of a com¬ 
pound verb, in which case also it immediately precedes it, but without the 
mark of the accusative. 
Ex. : JBu qirq kishi Hazrat-clin nvKUSAT-aldilar. “ These forty 
persons from His Highness took leave.” 
