1877.] 
of Eastern TurJcistan . 
317 
(a) . The former is rendered in Turki by prefixing some expression, 
such as “ Dedi ” or “ a'itti Trim” — “he said”, “ he said that” (though this is 
sometimes omitted) and finishing with the participle “ De’p” == “ having 
said.” These take the place of our inverted commas to mark the beginning 
and end of the quotation. 
Ex. : Atdel vh Al-hamdu-l-Illah talab-im muyessar boldi, 
They said “ Thank God (the object of) my search has-been obtain- 
DEP. 
ed,” having said. 
( b ) . The other form is rendered in Turki by putting the quotation 
in the words of the speaker, with this exception that the subject (or nomi¬ 
native) of the sentence quoted is in the accusative, as being the object of 
the governing verb ‘he said’ or ‘he thought.’ 
Ex. : Sani uldi dedi = He said that thou wert dead. 
Lit, thee he died he said. 
Which may be rendered, “he reported thee dead,” or " he said 
(of) thee, he is dead.” 
Here “ sani ” (thee) is governed (in the accusative) by the verb “ dedi” 
(he said), while the statement itself is in the actual words of the speaker, 
of which the above pronoun in the accusative forms the subject (unless we 
may suppose a nominative he understood). 
TBiz-ni alur-m’iJcin dep parwah qehnai = without fearing lest 
us will-they-take having 1 said care making not 
we should take (it). 
[Here the biz-ni (acc.) seems to be governed by the “dep,” and not 
by the “ parwah qehnai ” which would govern the ablative “ biz-din ”~\ 
12. The reflective pronoun oz is used (like Jchud in Persian, or dp, 
apna in Hindustani) instead of a demonstrative or possessive pronoun, to 
fix the meaning on the subject of the sentence. 
Ex. : Ya l qub oz-l -ning dt-i-ni ultur-di = Ya‘qub killed his (own) 
horse. 
Ya‘qub aning dt-i-ni ultur-di would mean : Ya‘qub killed his 
(viz., some one else’s) horse. 
Again : Man sani oz-ojstg -ning ui-ng-da Jcor-dbm = I saw thee in thy 
(own) house [here the termination ong leaves no doubt of the person]. 
But, ‘Ali Ya‘qub-ni dz-i-ning ui-da Tcordi, is a doubtful phrase; for 
though by rights the oz should refer to the subject of the sentence QAli ), 
yet as the accusative “ Ya l qub-ni ” comes so close before, it would probably 
be understood to mean: “‘Ali saw Ya‘qub in his (Ya‘qub’s) own house.” 
To save the doubt it would be better to put it as follows: 
Ya'qub-ni ‘Ali dz-i-ning ui-da Tcordi == Ali saw Ya‘qub in his (Ali’s 
own) house. 
