PAPILIO III., IV., V. 
From a brood of larvae, at Coalburgh, 1875, the first chrysalis formed July 1st, 
the last July 8th ; the first butterfly emerged July 23d; others appeared at 
intervals till August 11th. Of fifty chrysalids twenty-seven gave butterflies that 
season, and the remainder not till the following spring. Duration of the chrys¬ 
alis period in summer about twenty days. From a brood of larvae, 1884, the 
first chrysalis formed 29th September, the last 4th October, and all of them will 
hibernate. (I have re-written, in 1884, as this Volume is about to close, the de¬ 
scription of Turnus larva which accompanied Plate III., issued 1877, in order to 
make a direct comparison of each stage with a corresponding one of Rutulus ; 
and on Plate XIII. have figured several stages of these two species side by 
side.) 
Turnus inhabits all sections of the United States from the Atlantic to the 
Pocky Mountains, and from Maine to Florida and Texas. A few individuals were 
seen by Mr. Mead in Colorado, but the species there begins to be replaced by 
Rutulus, which occupies the remainder of the country to the Pacific. It in¬ 
habits also British America, and Newfoundland. I formerly received several 
examples from Mrs. Christina Boss, taken at Fort Simpson, and others from the 
late Robert Kennicott, taken at Fort Youcon, both about lat. 65°. Mr. Scudder, 
“ Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,” XII., p. 44, mentions the receipt of a large num¬ 
ber from Lieut. W. H. Dali, “ taken early in June, on the Upper Youcon, from 
Nulato to Fort Youcon, where the species is said to be common.” There is a 
great difference in size between these individuals from the far north (Plate V., 
Fig. 1) and the usual type in the southern States, the former being small, with 
narrow borders and slight stripes rather than bands. Some from the White 
Mountains scarcely differ in both respects from those taken in Aliaska. In the 
Catskills the prevailing form is intermediate. Where the species is double- 
brooded, as a rule, the butterflies emerging from over-wintering chrysalids are 
smaller and with narrower bands than are those of the summer brood. 
The larvae feed on the leaves of a great variety of trees, — apple, quince, 
thorn, plum, cherry, birch, basswood, ash, and, according to Mr. Scudder, on 
alder and oak ; also, according to Mr. Akhurst, on sassafras and catalpa. But in 
my neighborhood, its preference is decided for the tulip-tree, Liriodendron tulipi- 
fera, usually miscalled “poplar” at the south and west, and I have never found 
it here on any other tree. In Ontario, according to Mr. Saunders, it chiefly feeds 
on apple, cherry, thorn, and basswood. The egg is laid on the upper side of the 
leaf, and the young larva takes up its abode on the same side, lying on a bed of 
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