PAPILIO III., VI., V. 
and more prone to destroy Lepidoptera than any other birds, all the eastern 
species occur from Kansas to Texas, along with three additional species, Milvulus 
forjicatus, Tyrannus verlicalis, and T. vociferans, these latter being of large size, 
and, we may infer, correspondingly voracious. None of these species, however, 
occur east of the Mississippi, so far as known, except perhaps casually. Upon 
the whole w^e may assume for the semi-prairie country a richer bird-life than is 
possessed by the South Atlantic States, with a corresponding larger number of 
insectivorous species.” That in the mountains of North Carolina there should 
be a district in which, though the species is abundant, there should be few or no 
black females, would lead to the belief that there may be similar areas of the 
most elevated portions in other southern States, where a like distribution pre¬ 
vails. It is evident, from the dates given by Mr. Morrison, that the species was 
not single-brooded, but that he collected from the midsummer and fall broods, 
and there must therefore have been at least three broods in the year. 
For more than a century after both Turnus and Glaucus were known to nat¬ 
uralists, they were not suspected of belonging to but one and the same species. 
Boisduval and Leconte, in 1833, figured both, and after describing the female 
Glaucus , say, “ the male differs but in size, being a little smaller, and by the blue 
band, which is less extended,” and they figured and described the larvse of the 
two as distinct. It appears that Mr. James Ridings, of Philadelphia, an intelligent 
collector of butterflies, and now living at an advanced age, had taken a yellow 
male Turnus and a black female Glaucus in copulation, in 1832. And, in the 
same city, Mr. George Newman, a veteran and enthusiastic collector, — whom, in 
after years, it was my pleasure to know, and whose delight, as he exhibited and 
expatiated upon the treasures of his cabinet, his many friends will recall, — had 
raised black and yellow females from the same laying of eggs. But to lepidop- 
terists in general, nothing was known of these things till the late Mr. B. D. Walsh 
communicated a paper in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society, of Phil¬ 
adelphia, 19th January, 1862, which in part read thus: “ That Turnus and Glau - 
cus are identical seems to me to be proved by two facts, the one positive and the 
other negative. First, I am informed by Mr. Edwards that both Messrs. New¬ 
man and Wood, of Philadelphia, say they have raised the black female, together 
with several shades of color between yellow and black, from the same laying of 
eggs. Second, nobody ever saw a male Glaucus. Now Glaucus is so common in 
southern latitudes, that if it were a true species, not a mere sexual variation, 
somebody or other must have met with the male.” And after reciting his own 
experience, Mr. Walsh expresses the opinion that south of lat. 38° in the valley 
of the Mississippi, and perhaps of 36° on the seaboard, the female Turnus is 
black; that north of 41° on the seaboard and 43° in the valley, the female is 
