PAPILIO VIII. 
upper surface of the leaf near the edge, where it is exposed to the full force of 
the sun’s heat. On the 10th July, I found young larvae, about ten days old, 
feeding on the upper cuticle of the leaf. To procure the complete history of 
this Papilio, it would be necessary for an entomologist to remain on the island 
from May till August. I arrived at Ellis Bay on 14th June, and left at the end 
of July. Therefore I had no chance of obtaining a chrysalis, which could only 
be had in the first week in August. I took the largest caterpillars I could find 
before I left, and which had passed their last moult. By the time the adult larvae 
are ready to go into chrysalis, the weather becomes cold, and the larvae at the 
beginning of August are of various sizes. The undergrown ones hide in the leaves 
of their food-plants during the cold nights, and feed during the day, and by the 
middle of the month, probably, all have matured and changed to chrysalids.” 
Mr. Couper writes again, April, 1875: “ Brevicaitdct was sent me last season from 
Perce, in the district of Gaspe, on the south coast of the Gulf, opposite Anti¬ 
costi, and about seventy miles sea distance from that island. It occurs to me 
that as the western portion of Newfoundland is only one hundred miles from the 
east end of Anticosti, the butterfly may occasionally cross over. But after all 
my correspondence with two intelligent gentlemen in Newfoundland, I cannot 
obtain a specimen taken there. Although long resident, these gentlemen have 
never seen Bremcauda. I believe Anticosti to be the true home of the species.” 
And later, “ Two specimens of Bremcauda have been taken this summer at God- 
bout River, on the north side of the St. Lawrence.” 
In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for April, 1875, p. 244, Vol. XI., is a mention by Mr. 
H. W. Bates, of Bremcauda, as taken by Mr. Milne, at Betts Cove and Terra 
Nova River, Newfoundland. 
It is surprising that a new species of Papilio should be discovered at this late 
day on the Atlantic coast, and great credit is due Mr. Couper for the pains he 
has taken to elucidate its life-history. It stands midway between two groups, 
that of Machaon, represented on this continent by its variety Aliaska and by 
Zolicaon on the one hand, and Asterias and its allies on the other. It resembles 
Aliaska in shape, the fore wings being less elongated than in Asterias, and their 
hind margins being convex instead of straight or concave. The hind wings are 
also less elongated, and the tails are shorter, and are like those of Aliaska. More¬ 
over, the sexes are alike in color and markings, as is the rule with all the Ma¬ 
chaon group, but not with Asterias, in which the difference between the sexes in 
these respects is conspicuous. But the basal area of the hind wings is black, as 
in Asterias, whereas in the other group it is yellow; and the abdomen is marked 
by rows of yellow dots as in Asterias also, while in Machaon and its allies the 
abdomen is striped longitudinally with black and yellow. The yellow bands of 
the wings are similarly disposed in both groups, but their suffusion with fulvous 
