PAPILIO VIII. B. 
found seemed very susceptible to cold and prolonged darkness or close confine¬ 
ment of any kind. 
The first caterpillars were found at Holyrood, at the head of Conception 
Bay, upon cultivated parsnips. This was on the 28th July, and though some of 
the caterpillars were in the last stage, the majority of them were young. In a 
drive of thirty miles across the peninsula to Placentia Bay I found no Brevicciuda 
at points in the interior. Near Placentia, however, there were large patches of 
Angelica, on which I found a few. larvae. In the kitchen gardens of the vil¬ 
lagers one or two larvm were on almost every parsnip plant, and in a small field 
overgrown with wild parsley I obtained nearly two hundred in the course of 
one afternoon. This was during the first week in August, and nearly all the 
larvae were past the third or fourth moult. Not having expected such good 
fortune, I was obliged to nearly fill my butterfly collecting box with them, and 
carry it about a mile to my lodgings. Even this short confinement killed sev¬ 
eral of the larvae and reduced many more to a state of insensibility. In their 
natural condition, they either rest upon the leaves in full sunlight, or bask upon 
the stones and coarse gravel among which their food plants grow. These stones 
are often heated by the sun during the day to a temperature of 90° to 100° F.. 
and retain a part of the warmth overnight. 
These caterpillars were large, measuring two inches in length when at rest. 
The colors in all were clear apple-green and black, with dots of orange-yellow 
disposed as figured on your Plate, and showing all intergrades between the varie¬ 
ties represented at/, and/ 3 . The larvm did not seem to object to change of 
food, but eat wild parsley, Angelica, or parsnip almost indifferently. 
From about three hundred caterpillars I obtained about one hundred chrvsa- 
lids before leaving Newfoundland. They vary from 1.1 to 1.4 inches in length. 
Fifty -tin ee are green and yellow, as shown on the Plate, fifty-nine are black or 
dark brown, marked with light wood-brown, and two are intermediate between 
gieen and biown. One chrysalis gave butterfly within a w^eek of my return, 
thus not having been in chrysalis more than eighteen days. This was a fine 
female, expanding a little over three inches, and resembling Fig. 5, Plate VIII., 
in its color and markings. Four more have just emerged, all males; two of them 
show' a little fulvous suffusion, while the others are like Fi«\ 1. 
Yours very truly, 
THEODORE L. MEAD. 
It is evident from this communication of Mr. Mead that Bremcauda is a com¬ 
mon species in southern Newfoundland, at least. Also that it might easily be¬ 
come double-brooded, if the length of the season permitted, or if it became accli¬ 
mated in a more southern latitude. 
