PAPILIO XII., XIII. 
the posterior dentations lengthened into tails, and in Pilumnus this peculiarity 
is carried still farther. In many respects Turnus is as aberrant on the one side 
as is Pilumnus on the other. Its form is compact, all the others having much 
produced wings, its tails are decidedly spatulate. It alone presents a large 
rounded fulvous spot at the outer angle of hind wings in the female; in all the 
others there is no spot there, or it is a minute one or a line, always yellow; in the 
same sex, the blue scales on Turnus form great lunate clusters, while in Rutulus 
they lie in a narrow macular stripe, and are often largely obsolete; in the re¬ 
maining species they are still less definite. Turnus shows dimorphism in the 
female, and beyond a certain line as we go southward, the black females pre¬ 
dominate, and finally supplant the yellow females almost if not quite completely. 
No dimorphism appears in the other species. In the mature stage only is the 
larva of Eurymedon known, and the same is true of Daunus, while of Pilumnus 
nothing is yet known. Of Turnus and Rutulus we have the full history. In 
the mature larval stage Rutulus and Daunus are very much alike, both having 
the peculiar club-shaped yellow spots on fourth segment; Eurymedon , contrary 
to what might have been expected, as the butterfly is very close to Rutulus , 
differs much from these two; and Turnus and Rutulus at each larval stage pre¬ 
sent marked differences. I compare Turnus with Rutulus stage by stage : — 
RUTULUS. 
YOUNG LARVA. 
Color dark brown; the white patch on 7 and 8 
restricted to dorsum, just taking in the sub-dorsal 
tubercles on either verge. 
A light stripe runs the length of body, outside 
the sub-dorsal tubercles. 
A double row of dorsal tubercles, minute, each 
with a hair. 
The tubercles on 2 at ends of the cross-ridge 
are regular cones, ending in a point (6 4 ) ; the hairs 
long. 
The sub-dorsal tubercles all prominent, those on 
middle segments with three hairs each ; all hairs 
comparatively long ( b 2 3 ). 
The lateral tubercles have three hairs each on 
2, 3, 4 ; on 5 to 12, though small, are distinct, and 
each bears two hairs ( b 3 ). 
The infra-stigmatal tubercles are equal in size 
to those of lateral row on corresponding segments, 
three hairs each on 2, 3, 4, 13, and two each on 
the rest ( b s ). 
TURNUS. 
YOUNG LARVA. 
Color dark brown; the white patch saddle- 
shaped, descending the sides to or near to spiracles. 
No stripe. 
Dorsal tubercles in same position, but the 
merest points with scarcely the stump of a hair. 
These tubercles rounded, sub-ovoid (c 3 ) ; the 
hairs short. 
These tubercles on 3 and 4 are small, low; on 
the middle segments minute and without hairs, on 
11 to 13 small (c 2 ). 
From 5 to 12 are mere points without hairs; on 
2 is a point with single hair; on 3 and 4 are 
small, size of that on 5 of Rutulus, and have three 
and two hairs respectively (c 2 ). 
These tubercles are points, three in horizontal 
line on 3 and 4 each, on 5 to 12 three in equilat¬ 
eral triangle; on 2 one hair (c 2 ). 
