COLIAS IV. 
In the lowlands of California, the species is apparently also four-brooded, and 
we are assured that hybernated examples of the two summer forms are seen fly¬ 
ing in early spring. These may be supposed to be belated individuals of the last 
brood of the summer, for those of the same brood which earliest emerge must 
have laid their eggs, and the larvae /must have gone on to maturity, just as in 
Texas, producing Ariadne. And the number of these hybernating butterflies 
must be too few to neutralize the influence of Ariadne in the succeeding brood, 
which Mr. Edwards tells us is made up of Keewaydin. That this last named 
form appears in all subsequent broods, and Ariadne to some degree, may be 
attributed to the configuration of the country, compelling the hill races to inter¬ 
mingle with those of the valleys. In the lowlands there is evidently a strong 
tendency to seasonal polymorphism, but in the later broods of the year this is 
somewhere neutralized or interfered with. 
Keewaydin is the form which has frequently been assumed to be identical with 
Chrysotheme, and of which Dr. Boisduval, in the “ leones,” says: “ It is found in 
May in districts of temperate America. Individuals from this part of the world 
are as large as Edusa .” In the Lepid. de l’Am. Sept., Dr. Boisduval says of 
Chrysotheme that it is found in the neighborhood of New York. Prof. P. C. 
Zeller, Ent. Zeit., 1874, p. 430, in a review of my Vol. I., says: “ Certainly 
some of the species designated may be reduced to well-known European ones. 
Thus I can assert Keewaydm to be nothing but our Chrysotheme, of which I my¬ 
self have taken a male at Vienna, with so little orange on the inner half of the 
wing borders that a North American could scarcely distinguish it among a number 
of Keewaydin. If Keewaydin and Chrysotheme are really the same species, we 
may well say that species vary much more in North America than in Europe. 
Eurytheme $ is sometimes no larger than our Myrmidone, to which it is besides 
very similar, though they cannot belong to the same species, as the latter pos¬ 
sesses a glandular spot, which Eurytheme does not.” I conclude from this that 
Professor Zeller accepted Eurytheme as a good species, but believed Keewaydin to 
be the same as Chrysotheme, and was surprised at the degree of variation mani¬ 
fested by it. I express no opinion on the present identity of the two species 
through the form Keewaydin, but if the latter was the primitive form on this 
continent, it may have peopled the old world before it became polymorphic in 
this, and the present representatives on both continents have come from one 
stock. As to wdiether they are distinct species now, much light would be gained 
if the life history of the European Chrysotheme was followed out by lepidopter- 
ists in its territory. I have exerted myself in vain to obtain eggs, or larvae, or 
drawings of its several larval stages, and I am not aware that either drawing, or 
proper description of these stages exists. 
