PHYCIODES L, II. 
with first laterals, and a band below spiracles, above which is another band less 
distinct, whitish and macular; the spines brown, light tipped, many with yellow 
or orange bases, the bristles black; head cordate, bronze ; a straight, silvery 
bar across each vertex, a triangular white spot in front connected with a curved 
white line at the side. To next moult three to five days. 
After fourth and last moult: length .80 inch. 
Mature Larva in summer. Length .95 inch ; color dark brown, dotted with 
yellow and striped with yellow and black, the yellow always dull; armed with 
seven rows of spines, one dorsal and three on either side, besides smaller and simi¬ 
lar spines at base of body, one on each segment from the third, and over the 
pro-legs two on each; the spines stout, tapering, dark brown, partly white-tipped, 
those of the upper and lower lateral rows more or less orange-tinted at base, 
each beset with many straight, black bristles; next below first laterals a blackish 
stripe edged on the dorsal side by yellow, and in line with the lower laterals a 
yellow ridge ; head cordate, either black or bronze, shining; on each vertex a 
cordate yellow spot, and on each side a sickle-shaped stripe. (Fig. f, nat. size ; 
/ 2 , head magnified;/ 3 , section of side.) Duration of this stage four to six days. 
Chrysalis. — Length .50 to .55 inch ; cylindrical, thickest at ninth and tenth 
segments; head case narrow, excavated at the sides, nearly square at top, there 
being a slight depression in middle; the mesonotum moderately prominent, com¬ 
pressed at summit, followed by a deep excavation ; the anterior edges of the last 
four segments of the abdomen prominent, especially that of the foremost, which 
is developed into a conspicuous ridge ; on the abdomen several rows of fine tu¬ 
bercles, two of which are prolonged and terminate on the mesonotum ; the color 
varies much, being light cinereous throughout, covered with fine abbreviated 
brown streaks; or cinereous on dorsum, the abdomen and wing cases tinted with 
yellow-brown; or dull white mottled on dorsum with brown and clouded with 
same color elsewhere ; or wholly dark brown, specked with gray; often a row 
of light dots is seen at the ends of the nervules of the wings, and a similar row 
parallel, a short distance within. Many chrysalids of the summer broods are 
marked by black patches on abdomen and wing cases, the ground being brown, 
but in the spring the usual color is cinereous. (Fig. y.) Duration of this stage 
from six to thirteen days, unless retarded by cold. The earliest formed chrys¬ 
alids of the hybernating larvae gave imago 15thMay, after thirteen days; later 
in the month, after eleven; chrysalids of July, in West Virginia, after seven 
days; of August, six; in Catskill Mountains, 1st September, after twelve, and in 
same district, chrysalids formed middle of September gave imago at twenty-nine 
or thirty days. 
Tharos is one of our most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from 54°, in 
