PHYCIODES I., II. 
six hours, and others within nine hours; and so all remained for seven days, 
that being the longest summer period of the chrysalis. On removing them 
from the ice they seemed to me dead. They were soft, and when they became 
hard had a shriveled surface. I brought them to Coalburgh, and discovered no 
sign of life till 21st October, when the weather suddenly became hot, the mer¬ 
cury rising to 87°, with a south wind. In two days fifteen butterflies emerged, 
every one Marcia, not a doubtful form among them in either sex. There were 
ten males, five females; of the former, five were of Yar. C, four of D, one of 
B. Of the five females, one was Yar. C, four of B. The other three chrysalids 
were dead. All the butterflies of this brood were diminutive, starved by the 
cold; but those from the ice were sensibly smaller than the others. The ex¬ 
amples of Yar. B were intense in the coloring of the under surface, and the 
single male was as deeply colored as the females, which I have never seen in 
nature. The examples of the other Varieties were extreme, but not so unusual. 
So much for the Coalburgh broods, and I was able to compare their behavior 
with those of the same species in the Catskills. When I went thither in June, 
arriving on the 18th, I found a few male Marcia, Yar. D, flying, no females. 
This was exactly one month later than the first males had been seen at Coal¬ 
burgh. The first female was taken 26th June, and on 27th and 28th I took one 
each day, all of them Marcia, C. N No more were seen, and no Morpheus, though 
I was daily in the fields. So that the first female was thirty-eight days later 
than the first at Coalburgh. These three females I set on aster, and two forth¬ 
with deposited eggs. 
The eggs were mailed to Coalburgh, and, returning soon after, I found that 
they had hatched, 3d July. The first moult occurred on the 9th, the second on 
12th, the third on 15th, the fourth on 18th, and the first chrysalis was formed on 
20th, its butterfly emerging 29th July. So that the periods were, egg six, larva 
seventeen, chrysalis nine days. Five per cent, of this brood became lethargic 
after second moult. This was the second generation of the butterfly of the sea¬ 
son, from the first laying of eggs. All the emerging butterflies were Morpheus, 
no Marcia, and all were characterized by an intense blackness of the dark por¬ 
tions of the wings, as compared with any Coalburgh examples. Also nearly 
all the females showed the discal band on upper fore wings yellow instead of 
fulvous (Fig. 4). (This last peculiarity, the change in the band, appeared in 
some of the females of the third Coalburgh generation, but no other.) On the 
under side, the reticulated lines were unusually heavy, and the marginal cloud 
and brown patches largely extended and deep colored. 
- This second generation was just one month behind the second at Coalburgh. 
So far only could I trace the Catskill generation this year; but as, in 1875, Mr. 
