PHYCIODES I., II. 
Tharos which appear at Coalburgh, as I have stated), and that if the summer 
was lengthened by a month or two, these could lay the foundation of another 
summer generation. 
The experiments related led me to try the effect of cold on chrysalids of the 
forms Walshii and Telamonides of Papilio Ajax , in 1875 and 1876. These are 
both winter forms, and from their chrysalids either the summer form Marcellus 
would have issued in a few days, or in case any chrysalis passed the winter, as 
happens to some extent in every brood of this species, either Walshii or Tela¬ 
monides would have issued the next spring. The result was that a large propor¬ 
tion of the chrysalids subjected to cold yielded butterflies the same season, and 
nearly all these were changed to the winter form Telamonides. Where the cold 
was continuous (about 40°), the change was complete; where it was insufficient 
and inteimittent, the change was partial, individual butterflies blending pecu¬ 
liarities of the summer and both the winter forms. 
The experiments made on Tharos, in 1876, I have stated. The following year 
I brought to Coalburgh, from the Catskills, eggs obtained from Marcia. The 
chrysalids therefrom I placed in an ice-chest, at intervals of from ten minutes to 
some hours after they were formed. For twenty days they were subjected to a 
temperature of oo lar., when all were removed. They were divided into three 
lots, the first containing all which were exposed to cold at from one to nine hours 
aftei foiming, the second at from thirty to sixty minutes, and the third at from 
ten to twenty minutes. But I afterwards discovered that in this last lot were 
three chrysalids which were two days old before exposure. The butterflies 
began to emerge on the seventh day, and by the ninth all had emerged that 
were alive. Of the first lot (exposure one to nine hours after forming), there 
emerged nine butterflies, 5d 4?. The males were Marcia, D, and, though vary¬ 
ing much on their under surfaces, were all like examples of Marcia taken in the 
Catskills. Of the females, two were good examples of Marcia, C, but the other 
two were suffused, the colors having run together, so that the definite markings 
of the species were lost; also the upper surfaces were more or less hoary. (Figs. 
9, 10.) Of the second lot (exposure thirty to sixty minutes), emerged five fe¬ 
males, no males. Three were very little if at all changed, but the other two 
were suffused, though to a less degree than those before mentioned. (Figs.-7, 8, 
9.) Of the third lot (exposure ten to thirty minutes, but with three chrysalids at 
two days), there emerged two females only. One of these was not distinguish¬ 
able from the summer form, but the other was a fine example of Marcia B, the 
under side of the hind wings being largely melanized. 
Fig;". 11, 12, lepiesent the butterfly described by Mr. Saunders as Melitaea 
Packai dii , but it is evidently a suffused Tharos , of the same character as those 
