APATURA I. 
when it would slowly raise its head and perhaps move along a little, or would 
throw the head back drowsily as if to intimidate an enemy, an attitude which the 
larvae when active would assume to drive away an ichneumon fly. These larvae 
were alive on the 14th of March following, but shortly after were destroyed by 
an accident. 
On 28th June, 1873, I again secured a female, and in same way as before 
obtained many eggs, about seventy, laid singly and also in clusters. Two clusters 
were three layers deep. From these eggs I succeeded in raising about twenty 
butterflies before the end of July. All the larvae which then matured retained 
their green color to the last, but the others, fully one half of the brood, after the 
second moult, stopped feeding and changed color. This change is not attendant 
upon a change of skin, but usually begins soon after the moult, and takes place 
gradually. In some cases it was complete within two or three days, but in 
others several weeks intervened. In the same way the reverse change occurs in 
the spring before the third moult, but the process is then rapid. 
Subsequently, September 7th, Mr. T. L. Mead, at Coalburgh, confined a dozen 
females in one large bag, and from these were obtained nearly or quite 1000 
eggs, as we computed. More than 150 were laid on one leaf, and half of these 
in one great cluster. The caterpillars from these eggs were left on the tree under 
confinement, and so remained till the cool nights made it advisable to give them 
protection. A few were then found to be still feeding, but most had changed 
color and were at rest. Of this large number that went into hybernation, about 
fifty only emerged alive. I had placed them in the cellar, where they were left 
till April, then removing to a moderately warm room, about the time the buds 
on the Hackberry w r ere beginning to burst into leaf. Perhaps the result would 
have been more favorable had the larvae been exposed to light and air during 
the winter. On 26th April, a few were observed in motion, and buds were intro¬ 
duced on which they readily began to feed. By 2d May, they were beginning 
to lose their brown coats, changing to pale green. After the third moult, which 
occurred on the 5th and succeeding days, they appeared in the beautiful emerald 
green that is natural to the summer brood. By the 21st May, the first change 
to chrysalis was made, and the butterflies began to appear on 30th of same 
month. 
The larvae of the spring differ from those of the summer and fall so strikingly 
that had I met them at large I might well have supposed them to be of another 
species. Instead of the tessellated back, the ornamentation was restricted to 
longitudinal stripes. They were also unusually large. The differences may be 
seen by reference to the Plate. (Fig. h.) 
The young larvae of Celtis are not so intensely gregarious as those of Clyion , 
