APATURA I. 
but they remain upon the same leaf, scattered in small bodies over the surface 
near together without being in close contact, as is the habit of Clyton. It is not 
usual to find more than one on a leaf in the natural state after they have become 
a f S 1 ' 0 '™’ and the J probably disperse at the third moult, that is, the few that 
survive the attacks of their many enemies. 
When ready to change to chrysalis, the caterpillar covers the side of the leaf 
next about it with silk, and remains motionless for several hours. Its color now 
incomes of a uniform green, the yellow markings disappearing. The body 
s lortens and contracts at either extremity, while retaining its full thickness in 
the middle segments. During this period, it does not hang suspended by its 
anal legs, as do the Graptas, but rests upon the leaf as usual, the tail more 
appressed to the leaf and the head bent under. Gradually the anterior segments 
con ract, the seventh and next succeeding becoming at the same time compressed 
laterally and elevated, and the dorsal outline assumes the carinated shape of the 
c lrysahs. At length it loses its foothold and hangs by the anal legs, the skin 
divides at back of the head and is speedily shuffled toward the tail, the pad of 
booklets at the end is fastened into the silk by the same process as in Grapta, 
(see notes on Comma, Vol. I.), and with rapid whirls it divests itself of the cast 
oil skin and the change is complete. The pad spoken of is filled with hooklets 
seemingly to the number of a hundred or more. (Fig. k.) 
Although so many eggs are deposited by Celtis, few' of its caterpillars can 
reach maturity, and probably few emerge from the egg, not so much because of 
the ordinary parasites that destroy most species, but of the spiders which infest 
the Hackberry to an unusual degree, so that it has seemed to me almost impos¬ 
sible that a solitary egg could escape them, much more clusters of eo-gs. I have 
not noticed any losses by ichneumon flies in this species, and Mr. Riley has had a 
simi ar experience. This author has admirably described the life history of 
Celtis m the paper cited, and has elaborately and beautifully illustrated its phases 
oy nis pencil. • 1 
I do not know of any other food-plant for this species than the Hackberry. 
Celtis is considered by some authors to be identical with lycaon, Fab., and 
^ hem as only a variety of the same species. My reasons for differing from 
these conclusions are as follows: — ° 
The description of Lycaon , Ent. Syst. III., p. 228, No. 714, reads thus: “ P. 
b. alls dentatis anticis fuscis flavo alboque maculatis, posticis ferrugineis • ocellis 
sex coecis, subtus variegatis : ocellis octo.” 
Papilio Lycaon. Jon. fig. pict. 4, tab. 17, fig. 1. 
Habitat. -Mus. Dorn. Drury. 
“ C ' 0rpus medium > fuscum abdominis lateribus fulvis. Aim antic® supra fuse®, 
