4 LYCA1NA II., III. 
Since the publication of Vol. I., in which Pseudargiolus, Neglecta, and Viola- 
cea were given as three distinct species, their history has come to be thoroughly 
uioun and it is found that they, together with Lucia and other forms, constitute 
one polymorphic species, which has possession of the broad continent, from the 
oioal regions to Mexico. The history is so peculiar that I have concluded to 
sihh wM V r T t0 " • T S ° £ the bUttei ' fly and its biol °Sy- Jt ™ not pos- 
these forms had been discovered, to know that they comprised but a siinde Spe¬ 
cies, and till such time they were rightly regarded as distinct. On the first Plate 
are represented typical examples of each of the principal forms of the butterfly, 
1 such striking varieties as I have been able to obtain ; and these figures in 
connection with the two Plates in Volume I, illustrate the species fully. ° ' ’ 
Ihe general history is as follows : — 
1. In the high boreal regions, the species is one-brooded, and at the same time 
< nnoiphic, the two forms under which it manifests itself being Lucia and Viola- 
cm. ucia ( igs. 1, 2) has been received from Youcon River, from Lake Win¬ 
nipeg and Anticosti. Kirby’s type specimen was taken in Iat. 54’, though the 
exact locality is. not given. Violacea (Figs. 5, 6) flies at St. Michael’s, Alaska, 
2. At about lat. 45°, the more moderate climate allows a second generation to 
mature during the same season, and this is made up of the form Neglecta. (Fm S . 
° ^ 1(3 or wi nter, generation now becomes tri-morphic, by the 
7 e r °P men * a f °™ intermediate between Lucia and Violacea, viz., Margi- 
, (r ‘f’ °> 4 )’ and these three, together with Neglecta, inhabit the country at 
least as far south as Long Island. J 
o. At about lat. 39°, on the Atlantic, two of the forms of the first generation are 
lound to have been suppressed, viz, Lucia and Marginal, and the third alone, 
Violacea, remains to represent that generation. But it is somewhat altered, 
le .) ue co oi laving become darker, and the under surface purer white: and it 
las developed an entirely new form of its own, restricted to one sex, viz, the 
act male. (Fig. 7.) This was figured in Vol. I. as female. On its discovery, in 
, 1 to e female without question, as melanism in butterflies, when 
confined to one sex, is almost invariably found in the female. Especially is this 
the case in Lycrnna, and I am informed by Mr. A. G. Butler that there is no other 
species of Lycama known in which the melanic dimorphic form is male. In 
, , ,’ 1 " as , t0 make 1,11 examination of the genital organs of one of these 
black examples, and found it to be male. Since then I have made very many 
examinations, in successive years, and have not seen a melanic female. 
• But m Iat. 40 s , at the west, in Colorado, the original forms Lucia and 
