thirteenth century 
33 
looks as if it was what is usually understood by an arbour, a 
covered-in place. There are many descriptions of such arbours 
in the fourteenth century, and it was the custom to turf them. 
The herbarium may, however, have been a small private garden, 
planted with herbs, with high thick hedges. The garden at 
Clarendon was enclosed by a paling, 1 while those of Windsor 2 
and Kennington 3 were enclosed by a ditch. In 1260 more 
alterations were carried out in the garden outside Windsor 
Castle; the gardener's house was moved, and a further wall 
built. During many successive reigns this garden at Windsor 
was kept up, and from time to time improved, and the orchard 
or vineyard was extended. Entries of the wages paid to the 
gardener and the vine-dresser occur in many of the household 
accounts preserved in the Record Office. The gardener re¬ 
ceived ioos. a year, the labourers 2jd. a day. It is curious 
to note that the produce of these gardens was sold, and it 
seems to have been the exception when all the fruit was con¬ 
sumed by the King's household. In 1332 there is the following 
entry among the receipts : "6s. 6d. received for the fruits and 
herbage of the King's garden outside the Castle " ; 4 and other 
like entries occur. In “ the account of Walter Hungerford, 
Knight, Steward of the Household of King Henry V. and 
Constable of the Castle of Wyndsore " 5 (1419-1422), “ for any 
issues arising from fruits of the garden and vines of the King 
there in the two second years (sic) in the time of this account, 
he does not answer, for that the fruits of the said garden were 
delivered to the Household of the Lord the King there, and 
the grapes of the vines there were eaten by the Ladies and 
others of the King’s Household then being there, so that the 
same Constable had not and could not have any profit thereof, 
as he says upon his oath." 
Besides the royal gardens at Westminster, Charing, and 
the Tower, there were others near the houses of the great 
nobles, and smaller gardens belonging to the citizens around 
London. A description of the town by FitzStephen in his 
Life of Thomas a Becket, whose contemporary he was, gives 
1 Liberate Roll, 37 Hen. III., m. 13. 2 Ibid., 37 Hen. III., m. 17. 
3 Ibid. 4 Ministers’ Accounts, Bundle 753, No. 9. 
6 Ibid., Bundle 755, No. 10. 
3 
