EARLY TUDOR GARDENS 
73 
or honeysuckle ; therefore even those which were not pulled 
down purposely, must have been long ago destroyed by time. 
And it is also much to be regretted that few, if any, examples 
are to be found in English illuminated books, although plenty 
of pictures occur in foreign MSS. of this period, especially 
French and Flemish. The scarcity of English examples is no 
doubt partly owing to the destruction of religious books at the 
time of the Reformation. They are found chiefly in the 
calendars at the beginning of missals, or Books of Hours, 
where the miniature for the month of May is frequently a 
garden, or the garden of the day is introduced, in the illustra¬ 
tion of some sacred subject. The gallery ran along the outer 
wall of the garden, the wall forming one side, posts of wood in 
a series of arches the other, while the pathway between the 
wall and the posts was covered in, either with creepers and 
wood-work, or something more substantial, and affording 
better shelter. Sometimes the gallery followed the wall 
round three sides, but it seems to have been the more 
usual custom to have it on one side only, and it frequently 
afforded a sheltered walk from the house to the arbour or 
mount. 
Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, during the first years 
of the sixteenth century, began to lay out very extensive 
gardens at Thornbury, in Gloucestershire, but he was accused 
of treason, and hurried to the scaffold before carrying out his 
plan. Among the State papers of the time, May, 1521, there 
is a survey of his lands, and the following extracts appear in 
it, under the heading of “ gardens,” and are illustrative of the 
fashion of galleries. " On the south side of the inner ward [of 
the castle] is a proper garden, and about the same a goodly 
galley conveying above and beneath from the principal 
lodgings, both to the chapel and parish church. The utter 
(1 outer ) part of the said gallery being of stone embattled, and 
the inner part of timber covered with slate. On the east side 
of the said castle or manor is a goodly garden to walk in, 
closed with high walls, embattled. The conveyance thither 
is by the gallery above and beneath, and by other privy ways. 
Besides the same privy garden is a large and a goodly orchard, 
full of young graffes well loaden with fruit, many roses, and 
