EARLY TUDOR GARDENS 
79 
We have already had occasion to refer to Hampton Court in 
describing the characteristics of Tudor gardens. There are 
such full accounts left of the expenses incurred in making these 
gardens, both under the direction of Cardinal Wolsey and of 
Henry VIII., that, although the exact plan is unknown, a 
very fair idea of what they were like may be gathered. The 
land which Wolsey covered with the building, gardens, and 
park, consisted of two thousand acres. In the south-west 
corner of this ground stood the old manor house, and round this 
the Cardinal laid out gardens and orchards, separated by brick 
walls, and, beyond the walls, a park. He retained part of the 
manor house garden, for it is noted several times as “ the old 
garden/' John Chapman was head-gardener at this time, 
and remained in that position, with a salary of £12 a year, when 
the King took possession of the disgraced Cardinal's lands in 
1529. The gardens were soon after greatly enlarged. A new 
orchard was made to the north of the old gardens, and pears, 
damsons, medlars, cherries, apples, cucumbers, and melons 
were grown, and forty-three bushels of strawberries were planted 
at one time. There was a flower-garden which supplied the 
Queen with roses, and a kitchen garden, where “ herbes for 
the king’s table " were grown. A part of these gardens was 
destroyed when the new ones were made in 1533. The ground 
was then manured and carefully measured out into several 
plots, each surrounded by a brick wall. The largest plot was 
the King's new garden, the site of which is now called the 
“ Privy Garden." In this there were gravel paths, and little 
raised mounds with sundials on them, and between the paths, 
railed beds cut in the grass. The rails were trained with roses, 
and yew, cypress, or juniper trees planted in the centre of each 
bed ; while along the walls were apple, pear, and damson trees, 
and under them “ violets, prymroses, sweet williams, gillifer 
slips, mynt, and other sweete flowers," and this garden con¬ 
tained the mount and arbour. Another plot was the “ Pond 
Garden," which merely seems to have contained the ponds, 
and was only decorated with the “ beestes," as there is no 
mention of flowers being planted in it. There was the “ little 
garden," of which not much is known, except that sixty-seven 
apple-trees were bought for it from “ William gardener of 
