THE ELIZABETHAN FLOWER GARDEN 109 
by applications of decoctions of its leaves. The only reference 
to the smoking of the dry leaves by Europeans was that 
those “ that doo fetch their breath short are recommended to 
take the smoke " in at the mouth. 1 
Several new plants were introduced by the exertions of 
some of the leading patrons of gardening. Lord Burghley and 
Lord Carew were the first to try growing oranges in England. 
Lord Salisbury employed Tradescant to procure new varieties 
of fruit trees and other plants from abroad. Lord Zouche, 
also, deserves a foremost place among the encouragers of horti¬ 
culture. He was the patron of Lobel, and had a fine Physic 
Garden at Hackney, of which Lobel had the charge. Lord 
Zouche himself also brought back plants from abroad. Gerard 
mentions two in particular. “ The small Candy mustard/' 
which grows in “Austria, Candy, Spain, and Italy," was brought 
by him on his return “ from those parts." Also the “ Thorne 
apple," the seeds of which he presented to Gerard. 
New plants and new ideas about gardening were also coming 
in from France and the Low Countries, with the influx of 
Protestant refugees. The Huguenots who came to this 
country were representatives of almost every trade and craft, 
and especially that of gardening, which greatly improved under 
the influence of these new-comers, and members of that craft 
were among those who took out Letters of Denization in 1544. 
Many of these foreign gardeners settled about Sandwich, 
Colchester, and Norwich, and gave a stimulus to gardening 
in those districts. Foreign gardeners were employed by 
several landowners in the neighbourhood, to alter and lay out 
their gardens. In 1575 a Dutch gardener was paid 3s. 4d. 
for “ his travayle from Norwich to Hengrave to viewe ye 
orchards, gradyns, and walks," and 40s. was also “ paid to 
the Dutchman for clypping the knotts, altering the alleys, 
setting the grounde, finding herbs and bordering the same." 2 
It was these foreigners, also, who first set on foot the “ Florist 
Feasts " for which Norwich was famed. 
1 Joy full Newes out of the New-found Worlde, translated from the 
Spanish by John Frampton, 1580. 
2 Huguenot Society, Walloons and their Church at Norwich, W. T. C. 
Moens, 1887. 
