KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER JAMES I. 
125 
list of complaints it will cure. “ The juice taken diuers 
mornings fasting doth procure a good memorie." He recom¬ 
mends it to be dropped into the eyes to remove dimness of sight 
—one would have thought rather to ensure an opposite effect 
—and adds, the powder of the seeds taken as snuff “ marvel¬ 
ously amendeth the braine " ! 
Nauewes and turnips, though spoken of separately, seem to 
be one and the same thing, as Hill says of them : “ The pro¬ 
perty many times of the ground dooth alter the Nauewe into 
a Turnup, and the Turnup into a Nauewe." He recommends 
poppies to be “ sowne in the beedes among colewortes," which 
does not speak well for the cabbages. Beans were still largely 
grown by the poorer classes, but kidney beans, of which Gerard 
depicts eight sorts, two from America, were “ a dish more often¬ 
times at rich men's tables than at the poor." Peas were sown 
at midsummer for autumn use, and also in August and Sep¬ 
tember for the following spring. Dried peas were used at “ sea 
for them that go long voyages." The rouncial was still much 
grown, also the green and white hasting, called so because of its 
earliness. The following were also popular varieties : the sugar 
pease, the spotted, the grey, the pease without skins, and the 
Scottish or tufted, or the rose, and the early French, “ which 
some call the Fulham Pease, because those grounds thereabouts 
do bring them soonest forward for any quantity, although some¬ 
times they miscarry by their hast and earliness." 1 The “ Rams 
ciche " or “ ciche pease " (Cicer arietinum) was occasionally 
grown. Turner says he had seldom seen it in England, and 
Gerard says it “ is soun in our London gardens, but not 
common." This “ Chick Pea " never became popular. Miller, 
writing a hundred years later, says it was much grown in France 
and Spain, but rarely sown in England. 
Any practical gardener, if asked the use of an orchard, would, 
doubtless, reply that the use is to insure a sufficient supply of 
fruit; but Lawson declares that no one can deny “ that the 
principal end of an orchard is the honest delight of one wearied 
with the workes of his lawful calling and, again, he speaks 
from experience, being himself an old man, and says that the 
orchard “ takes away the tediousnesse and heavie load of three 
1 Parkinson. 
