KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER JAMES I. 
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southern counties. Lawson writes that in his county (York¬ 
shire) the best fruit to grow was “ Apples, Pears, Cherries, 
Filberds, red and white Plums, Damsons and Bullaces,” and he 
further adds, as a warning, “ we do not meddle with apricockes, 
nor peaches, nor scarcely with quinces, which will not like in 
our colde parts.” Allusions to the fruit trees trained against 
a wall occur in the poems and plays of the time. Marlowe 
mentions cherries on a wall, and Ben Jonson, in Every Man 
in his Own Humour (Act I., Scene 1), makes Wellbred write to 
Edward Knowell, “ Leave thy vigilant father alone to number 
over his green apricots evening and morning on the north-west 
wall.” The idea of thus growing fruit was of recent date. 
Sir Hugh Platt, writing in 1600, says, “ Quinces growing against 
a wall, lying open to the sun, and defended from cold winds, 
eat most deliciously. This secret the Lord Darcey brought 
out of Italy, quaere, would this suit of all other fruits ?” 
In front of the trees trained to the wall, or running parallel 
with the outer hedge, was a path, and this was bordered with a 
row of low-trained fruit-trees, “ Cornelian cherry trees plashed 
low, or gooseberries, curran trees, or the like,” or “ pippins, 
Pomewaters or any other sort of apple, planted ” all along the 
side-walk. There were arbours at the corners of the walks, and 
banks of camomile or other sweet herbs on which to rest. The 
paths were well sanded, and under the trees “ green grass kept 
finely shorn.” Between the raspberries and currants beside 
the path, the ground, says Lawson, should be “ powdered with 
strawberries.” In fact, all was done that the orchard might 
be well ordered, and made fit “ for refreshing one’s spirits.” 
The arbours were much the same as those in the garden, and 
like them were often raised on mounts. In such an arbour in 
his orchard in Gloucestershire, Shallow invited Falstaff to 
“eat a last year’s pippin of my own graffing,” with a dish of 
Leathercoates. The Leathercoat was “ a good winter apple of 
no great bignesse, but of a very good and sharp taste.” 1 
Much care was taken to preserve pippins for a length of 
time. Lawson gives directions for gathering and storing them. 
“You should have a long ladder of light firre, also a gathering 
apron like a pocke before you made of purpose, or a wallet hung 
1 Parkinson. 
