KITCHEN GARDENING UNDER JAMES I. 
137 
have been kept up for many years, as the last reference to it 
among the family papers is dated 1638, in which year Lady 
Hatton sent some vine-cuttings. 
In spite of the efforts of the writers of the early seventeenth 
century, vine-culture was never really revived in England, 
and vineyards gradually ceased to be planted. A few isolated 
instances occur later on. Brandy is said to have been made 
at Beaulieu in the last century, and Fairchild, in 1722, had a 
flourishing vineyard in Hoxton. These were probably nearly 
the last serious attempts at vine-culture. 
In the writings of this period the ideas for protecting and 
sheltering delicate plants begin to appear, which a little later 
developed into orangeries and greenhouses, and finally into the 
hothouse and stove. Sir Hugh Platt, especially, in the second 
part of the Garden of Eden , not printed until 1660, frequently 
mentions the possibility of growing plants in the house, and 
utilizing the fires in the rooms to force gilliflowers and carna¬ 
tions into early bloom. “ I have known Mr. Jacob of the 
Glassehouse,” he writes, “ to have carnations all the winter 
by the benefit of a room that was neare his glassehouse fire.” 
Holinshed, while praising the orchards of his day, says, “ I 
have seen capers, orenges and lemmons, and heard of wild 
olives growing here,” but he does not say how they were pre¬ 
served from cold. Gerard also describes both oranges and 
lemons, but he is too honest to pretend that they grow in 
England. A few oranges, however, were successfully reared 
in this country. “ I bring to your consideration,” writes 
Parkinson, in the treatise on the Orchard, “ the Orenge alone 
without mentioning Citron or Lemmon trees, in regard of the 
experience we have seen made of them in divers places, For 
the orenge tree hath abiden with some extraordinary looking 
[after it] and tending of it, when as neither of the other would 
by any means be preserved any long time.” " They must,” 
he goes on to say, be kept in “ great square boxes, and lift there 
to and fro by iron hooks in the sides ... to place them in an 
house or close gallery in for the winter time . . . but no tent or 
mean provision will preserve them.” Platt suggests that if 
planted against a concave-shaped wall, lined with lead or tin 
to cause reflexion, they might " happily bear their fruit in 
