CHAPTER X 
GARDENING UNDER WILLIAM AND MARY 
“ When lavish Art her costly work had done, 
The honour and the prize of bravery 
Was by the garden from the Palace won.” 
Cowley. 
A GOOD idea of the number of gardens existing in England 
in the time of William and Mary may be gathered 
from the diary of Celia Fiennes, 1 who travelled on horseback 
through the country. In every county, and at almost every 
stage of her journey, she mentions or describes some garden 
more or less notable. The fountains, or “ waterworks/’ were 
perhaps the most characteristic feature in the larger gardens, 
and of these she gives many elaborate descriptions. At 
Chatsworth there were fountains innumerable, one a willow 
tree “ which rains from each leaf,” and there was also a basin 
in the middle “ of one garden that’s very large and by sluces 
besides the images severall pipes plays out y e water : about 
30 large and small pipes altogether, some Flush it up that it 
ffrothes like snow.” At Wilton there was a grotto with pipes 
concealed apparently all round and over the roof, which sent 
forth a sort of shower-bath which “ washes y e spectators.” 
Again, at Bradby, Lord Chesterfield’s house, “ In one garden 
there are 3 fountaines wherein stands great statues. Each 
side on their pedistalls is a dial, one for y e sun, y e other a clock 
w ch by y e water worke is moved and strikes y e hours, and 
chimes y e quarters, and when they please play Lilibolaro on 
y e chimes. All this I heard when I was there.” 
These waterworks, introduced first in Tudor times, were now 
1 Through England on a Side-Saddle in the Time of William and Mary, 
1888. 
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