DAWN OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
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extreme, and have no arrangement, or no straight lines of any 
sort, in a garden. Two years later Pope settled at Twickenham, 
and his Villa there, far from being in the simple style he 
admired, became a complicated piece of mimicry of rural 
scenery of all sorts. He took infinite pains in planning and 
planting. “ I thank God/' he wrote in a letter to a friend, 
“ for every wet day and for every fog, that gives me a headache, 
but prospers my work/’ His famous grotto, " composed of 
marbles, spars, gems, ores, and minerals/’ was the amusement 
of his declining years. It could hardly lay claim to being 
" natural,” for nothing more fantastical can be imagined, 
although in Pope’s own lines to his grotto, he invites the 
stranger thus : “ Approach ! Great Nature studiously behold.” 
Addison lived at one time at Bilton, in Warwickshire, and 
his garden there is not in a “ natural style ” either. Part of 
the garden dates from 1623 ; some of it was altered early in the 
nineteenth century, but the arbour used by Addison is still 
there. It is of classical “ Queen Anne ” style of architecture, 
with a straight bench, facing a view of the garden, with 
nothing rustic about it. There are still, however, in the 
garden, two old cut yew arbours, also good yew and holfy 
hedges. 
Bridgeman, the other designer of this date, who followed up 
the ideas of these two writers, was not himself an author like 
Switzer, so one must look at his work to judge of his ideas. 
Walpole, writing some years later, praises Bridgeman very 
highly. He was the successor to London and Wise in the 
charge of the Royal Gardens, and was, writes Walpole, “ far 
more chaste ” than his predecessors. “ He enlarged his plans, 
disdained to make every division tally to its opposite, and 
though he still adhered much to strait walks with high dipt 
hedges, they were only his great lines ; the rest he diversified 
by wilderness, and with loose groves of oak, though still within 
surrounding hedges. I have observed in the gardens at 
Gubbins, in Hertfordshire, the seat of the late Sir Jeremy 
Sambrooke, many detached thoughts, that strongly indicate the 
dawn of modern taste. As his reformation gained footing, he 
ventured farther, and in the Royal Garden at Richmond dared 
to introduce cultivated fields, and even morsels of a forest 
