LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
247 
which guided some of these Landscape-Gardeners. The chief 
of them he lays down in twenty-eight rules, among which 
are the following : “ The grand front of the building lies open 
upon an elegant lawn, adorned with statues, terminated on 
its sides with open groves.” “ Such walks whose views cannot 
be extended terminate in Woods, Forests, misshapen Rocks, 
strange Precipices, Mountains, old Ruins, grand buildings, 
&c.” “No regular evergreens in any part of an open plain or 
parterre.” “ No borders or scroll work cut in any lawn or 
parterre/' “ That all gardens be grand, beautiful and natural/' 
“ That all the trees in your shady walks and groves be planted 
with sweet Briar, white Jessemine, and Honeysuckle, environed 
at the Bottom with a small circle of Dwarf stock, Candy tuft 
and Pinks.” “ Hills and Dales be made by art where Nature 
has not performed the act before.” “ That the intersections 
of walks be adorned with statues,” and many like rules for the 
correct way of making “ rivulets, aviaries, grottoes, cascades, 
rocks, ruins, niches, canals, and fishponds.” He also gives a 
long list of what statues were most suitable for each place : 
Pomona in the Orchard, Harpocrates, the God of Silence, for a 
grove, and so on. This subject of statues much perturbed 
some of the designers. “ The use of statues,” wrote George 
Mason, “ is a dangerous attempt in gardening, not impossible, 
however, to be practised with success : how peculiarly happy 
is the position of the river God at Stourhead (Sir Richard 
Hoare’s) in Wiltshire ! . . . I remember a figure at Hagley, 1 
which one could fancy darting across the Alley of a grove . . . 
and only wished the pedestal had been concealed.” These 
statues, urns, and monuments were arranged to impart to the 
beholder a particular impression, on first discovering them. 
Shenstone discusses the various sensations produced by an 
urn, and comes to the conclusion that “ Solemnity is perhaps 
their point, and the situation of them should still co-operate 
with it.” “ They are more solemn, if large and plain.” A 
clump of trees, a lake, or wilderness, had to be “ sublime,” 
“ beautiful,” “ picturesque,” “ solemn,” “ grand,” “ digni¬ 
fied,” or “ elegant.” A wood was planted for " rudeness or 
grandeur,” a “ grove for beauty,” a cave or grotto was to strike 
1 Laid out by Lord Lyttleton* 
