268 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 
[Vallota purpurea) appeared about this time ; the same kind of 
story being told of its origin as of that of the Guernsey lily 
(Nerine sarniensis) , which was said to have grown in Guernsey 
from bulbs washed ashore from a wreck of a ship from Japan 
about 1659. The camellia or "Japanese rose " ( Camellia 
japonica) was grown by the middle of the eighteenth century. 
The "gardenia, or the Cape Jasmine " ( Gardenia florida ), 
Plumbago [rosea), and other " tender sorts of leadwort," the 
Gloriosa superba and Allamanda cathartica were among the 
climbing plants which adorned the stove before the dawn of 
the nineteenth century. 
The rage for landscape-gardening did not check the progress 
of fruit-growing. The kitchen garden was removed from sight, 
and when possible to a considerable distance, yet within it 
fruit-trees were receiving proper attention, and some of the 
earlier trials of cross fertilization were made in this direction. 
" By this process/' wrote a well-known gardener, " we have 
given to the hardy pears of the North all the richness and 
delicacy of those of the South," and " to watery grapes the 
perfume of the muscat." 1 The literature of the orchard was 
also carried on by able hands. Speechly, gardener to the 
Duke of Portland, was the author of treatises on the pine and 
the vine. He describes fifty of the varieties of grapes grown 
at Welbeck, and mentions many of the fine vines to be seen 
then in England. 2 The Black Hamburgh at Valentine, in 
Essex, the parent of the Hampton Court one, yielded so much 
fruit that the gardener frequently made £100 a year by selling 
the bunches. A vine growing at Northallerton outside a house 
in 1789 covered 137 square yards of wall. 3 He notices the 
vineyards near Bath, also those of Sir William Basset, in 
Somerset, who made some hogsheads of wine annually, and the 
Hon. Charles Hamilton, at Pain's Hill (the famous landscape 
garden), made wine from " Burgundy " and " black cluster " 
grapes, which sold for 7s. 6d. to 10s. the bottle. Speechly 
himself grew a famous bunch of grapes at Welbeck, in 1781, 
1 John Frederick Wood, Midland Florist, 1848. 
2 Culture of the Vine, by Wm. Speechly. York, 1790. 
3 Dr. Fowler has told me that a very large vine covering a house-wall 
now exists in Northallerton, which may be the one here referred to. 
