NINETEENTH CENTURY 
273 
After many years of search in America, he went to seek more 
treasures in the Sandwich Islands, and met his death in a very 
sad way soon after his arrival there in 1834. He fell into a 
deep hole cut by natives for catching wild cattle, and was 
killed by one of the animals in it. Such a tragic end to one 
who had done so much did not deter others from risking their 
lives in pursuit of plants in strange countries. More pines were 
collected in California by Theodor Hartweg. Pinus Ben - 
thamiana, Pinus Devoniana , and others; also Lupines, Ber¬ 
berries, and Fuchsias, and several Achimenes, were discovered 
by him. 
Perhaps the most successful of all adventurous collectors 
was Robert Fortune. He was born in 1813, and died in 1880. 
He first entered the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, and was 
subsequently superintendent of the hot-houses at Chiswick. In 
1842, he started for China, after the conclusion of the war, 
and during the years which followed he was constantly sending 
home fresh treasures. Some of the best-known garden flowers 
were found by him : Anemone japonica,,Dielytra (or Dicentra ) 
spectabilis , Kerria japonica ; varieties of Prunus, Viburnum, 
Spiraea, and many Azaleas and Chrysanthemums ; Gardenia 
Fortunei , Daphne Fortunei , Berberis Fortunei , Forsythia 
viridissima, Weigela rosea, Jasminum nudiflorum, the white 
variety of Wistaria, and many other valuable plants. His 
greatest feat was to go to Loo Chow, disguised as a Chinaman, 
and there he obtained the double yellow rose, which he first 
saw covering a wall in a mandarin’s garden, and the fan- 
leafed or Chusan palm, which bear his name. After the 
second Chinese War a fresh impetus was given to enterprise, 
and steadily during the middle of the century a stream of new 
plants continued to pour in from the Far East. Gradually the 
glorious lilies of Japan made their appearance. There was a 
thrill of pleasure when Lilium auratum was first shown, and 
a year or two later—in 1867—the sight of Azalea mollis was 
hardly less welcome. Soon after hardy bamboos, Japanese 
maples and Iris began to arrive, but it was only during the 
last twenty years of the century that they became cheap 
enough to be within the compass of small gardeners. The 
importation of them in large quantities then began, 60,000 
18 
