296 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND 
Worsley, Eaton, Trentham, Castle Howard, and Teddesley, 
designed by Nesfield, all laid out between 1845 and 1858. 
The gardens of Osborne House, the favourite resort of Queen 
Victoria, were also laid out in the Italian style about this 
time. They were designed by the Prince Consort, who was 
assisted by Professor Griiner, of Dresden ; the situation of the 
ground sloping down to the Solent is particularly suited to the 
style. Sir Joseph Paxton, gardener to the Duke of Devonshire 
at Chatsworth, and well known as the editor of the Magazine 
of Botany , was the architect of the building of the Great Exhibi¬ 
tion, for which he was knighted ; and he afterwards laid out the 
gardens at Sydenham in an Italian style, when the structure was 
rebuilt there as the Crystal Palace. But the taste must not be 
judged from this crude example, as many charming gardens of 
a stiff Italian design were made by him. Besides those already 
quoted, Hare wood is a fine example. It was planned by Lady 
Harewood, and the designs for the fountains and stone balus-, 
trades were made by Sir Charles Barry. The laying out of 
Shrublands 1 was begun by Sir William Middleton about 1830, 
and is therefore one of the earliest of the Italian gardens. 
There is in front of the house at Shrublands a wide terrace 
with flower-beds like that at Harewood, but without foun¬ 
tains ; from it long flights of steps lead to a semicircular 
terrace garden below. 
To produce vivid colouring seems to have been the chief 
aim for many years. The greater the blaze of flowers, the 
more was the garden admired. A perfection of this style was 
reached at Trentham, when the garden was described in 1859 
as a “ startling mass of Geraniums and Calceolarias/’ In an 
Essay in 1825 Morris 2 advocates the plan of “ bedding out,’ 
which was then quite in its infancy. “ The beauty of the flower- 
garden, in the summer season,” he writes, “ may be heightened 
by planting in beds some of the most freely-flowering young and 
healthy green-house plants. Where there is an extent of 
green-house, a sufficient quantity of plants should be grown 
annually for this purpose, and should be sunk in the beds about 
the middle or end of May. The following are among the 
1 In Suffolk, belonging to Lord de Saumarez. 
2 Essay on Landscape Gardening. By Richard Morris, 1825. 
