Dr. J. ÉHIK 
96 
are occupied by new forws, constituting the steppe fauna. This latter 
fauna is a conglomerate partly' consisting of thermophil elements (with 
a southern origin) and partly of some arctic forms left behind, as well 
as of some eastern species. 
5. The formation of forest-zones in the North of Europe, charac¬ 
terized by special faunistica! elements, belongs also to that period. 
The migration of the fauna and flora, taking place from North to 
South, might be so easily controled that I do not find any reason for 
enumerating at this place special proofs with respect to this biogeo¬ 
graphic phenomenon, and so I think that the maps here added will be 
rather true, at least in bold outline. Still the question arises, how far I 
succeeded to represent accurately the motion of the ice ? An answer 
with respect to this shall be given hereafter. At present I should like 
to give an oversight of the different faunae. 
Future investigations will probably ascertain that the thermophil 
fauna — recorded by Dr. Kobmos as preglacial. 1 — existed as early 
as the lower Pleistocene strata of Germany, as marked on my map and 
proved, up to now, by the fossil faunae of Mauer and Mosbach. 2 The 
more southwards we go, the more frequent is the occurrence of such 
faunae, and we will find some spots, where this thermophil fauna per¬ 
sists through the whole Quaternary. Such a territory is represented 
for instance by the southern parts of Hungary, offering a rich material 
of this kind. 3 A solution of the problem regarding the chronological suc¬ 
cession of these faunae was attempted by Prof. Dr. Merely in his clas¬ 
sical work on the Fibrinae of Hungary. He was the first to remark 
the existence of chronological differences occurring between the various 
thermophil faunae. I hav*e no intention to go into further details concer¬ 
ning the quoted publication, but 1 should like to direct the attention to 
1 T. Kormos, Dio phylògen e tische und zoogeographische Bedeutung präglazialer 
Faunen. Verhandl. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell sch. in Wien. 1914. p. 218—238. 
2 E. Koken, Die Geologie und Tierwelt der paläolithischen Kulturstätten 
Deutschlands. (R. R. Schmidt, Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands. Stuttgart. 1912.) 
Pag. 160 et 184. 
3 J. Éhik, Die präglaziale Fauna von Brassó. Földtani Közlöny Bd. XLIII. (1913.) 
Pag. 136—150. 
Kormos T., Három uj ragadozó a Püspökfürdő melletti Somlyóhegy preglaciális 
rétegeiből. Magy. kir. Föld. Int. Évkönyve. XXII. köt. 3. füzet. 
Kormos T,A villányi hegység preglaciális képződményei és faunájuk. Magy. kir. 
Föleit. Int. Évi Jelentés 1916. 
Méiiely L., Prospalax priscus (Nhrg.) a mai Spalaxok pliocaenkori őse. Magy. 
Tud. Akad. Math. Term.-tud. Közi. XXX. köt. 2. sz. Budapest. 1898. 
A. Nehring, Über mehrere neue Spalax-Arten. Sitz. Ber. d. Ges. Nat. -forsch. 
Freunde zu Berlin. 1897. 
