Xribe I. 
The Theater of ‘Plantes. Chap. 40, n 3 
The Time. 
They doe flower in Tune, Inly, and Auguft, fomewhat before which time,the mod ufuall manner is to gather the 
water Germander, and dry it to keepe. 
The Names. 
Water Germander is called in Greeke S r.hfSnj, and in Latine Scordium, from reStoJV which is A/lixm Garlicke, 
becaufe ofthe fmell: the Ukeneffeofthe Greeke name.didmnch deceive the former ages before us, for as Mat- 
thiolm writeth, it begun to be knowne but a while before his time, and that all men both Phyfitians and Apotheca¬ 
ries ufed the wild Garlick called Ophiofcoridon in dead of the true Scordium in their medicines, the occafion where¬ 
of (befides their owne ignorance and negligence in not dittinguifhing of the words) was A vicen, as it is moff likely 
or his Tranflator that appointed Scordium in one compofition of Treakle,and wild or cro w Garlicke in another : and 
the Phyfitians of the former ages,thinking that Avicsn had interpreted himfelfe, expounding one place by another, 
continued the error by tradition without further fearch,untill learning & all other iciences began to be more fought 
into, and refined as it were from the groffe puddle ofignorance and barbarifme, which brought the knowledge of 
this to light, as it did of many other things; fo that now our curiofity doth not reft in medys or milibus, but tran- 
fcendetlf *!mas & minimal etiamji battles -It is called alfo Trixage palaftrisfl/V ater or Marfh Germander, both for 
the likeneffe thereof unto Germander called Trixago,mi for the growing thei cofin marfhes, &c. Some alfo call 
itJVWftw from the ftrong feent fo unpleafanr to the fences. Pliny faith that Cratevas did aferibe one of the forts 
hereof unto Mithridates, and called it Mithridation ; and it may be from hence as well as from Garlicke, was cal¬ 
led poore mens Treakle, and by our Country people Englilh Trcakle. The firft is called Scordium, or Trixago pa- 
Inflris of all Writers, and although Tabermomanas and Gerard that fo loweth him, doth make two forts thereof, as 
majus and minus, a treater and a Idler, yet I never could obferve any other difference then in the place which pro¬ 
duced them, bcing B one more or leffc fmitfull or barren than the other. The iecond is called by Label and Camera- 
rim Scordiim alteram, and Scordium majm Plimj by Gefncr; who calleth ir alfo Salvia montana, and Amlropa qui- 
tufdam ■ Trimtt , Lonicerm, and Tabermontanus, call it Salvia fylveflris, and Salvia Bofci, and Bofci Salvia , and 
LuedunenfPsalviaagreflisl^TlodmtMs alfo doth, who taketh it likewife to bee Sphacelus Theophrafli, as I have 
formerly Chewed. Cordus, Thalius, and Gerard call it Scordonia, and Scorodonia, although his figure thereunto is not 
rwht. (fafalpinus calleth it Melinum alteram,sEtias,md Bstuhinus Scordium alteram Salvia fylveflris. The third is 
called Scordotis legitimism PUni), both of Bellas and Form in his defeription of Mons Balias, and it is Very proba¬ 
ble that Camerarius doth meane this fort, which he calleth Scordium Creticum lanisginofum : for as I laid before, 
'Be/lus faith,the people of Candy make no difference betweene them, but in gathering put them together. It is pro. 
bablealfo, that Anguillara called this Scordium alteram, which hee faith was foundaboutthe banke ofthe River 
Pifcara, with leavef as large as Baulmc : and that fuch is found in Candy alfo, in Greece and other places, nothing 
differin™ either in feent or quality from the firft. The fourth is called by Pona in his Italian Balias Scordotis [ectm. 
dam Plfnij. The laft is called by moft Authors AUiaria, yet Gefncr in kortis calleth it AHiaflrum, and Ericias Cordus 
Rima marina, but Anguillara Rimamaria.Ualechampius upon Pliny taketh it to be his estleSloroloplms, and fo doth 
LobcUVfo, fome alfo take it to be Thlxjpidium Crateva, and Tragus calleth it Thlaflthum corr.utum. The laft Colmn- 
na calleth it Elephas (fampoclarenfium, and Bauhinus Scordio affinis, Flephas. The Italians call Scordium falaman- 
drino paluflrc, the Spaniards Camedreos de arroyes, the French Scordion and Chamarav,, the Germanes Waflfer Rothen- 
gel, and Lachen Knoblauch, the Dutch Water Gamandree, and we in Englifh Water or Marlh Germander. The 
Italians call Sawce alone, or Iacke by the hedge Alliarta, the French Alliaire, and Herbcaux anh, the Ger- 
mancs Knob/auchs kraut, and S altxkraut, the Dutch Lookfonder look. 
The Vertnes. 
T>iofcorides and Galen doe both agree that water Germander is ot an heating and drying, or binding quality, bit¬ 
ter alfo, and a little fowre and fharpe, whereby it is effeCluall to provoke urine, and womens monethly courfes s 
the deco&ion thereof in wine being either greene or dry, is good againft the bytings of all venemous beafts or 
Serpents, and all other deadly poifons; and alfo againft the gnawing paines of the Stomake, and paines of the fide 
that come cither ofcold or obftrudions, and for the bloody tiixe alfo : made into an Ele&uary with Crefl'es,Roflin, 
and Honey,it is available againft an old cough, andtohelpe to expectorate rotten flegme out ofthe cheft and 
lungs: as alfo to helpe thofe that are burden, and troubled with crampes. Cjalcn in lib. 1. Antidot. (which Jldat- 
thioltis and others alfo fet downe) recordeth that it was found written by fundry faithfull and difereet men, that in 
the warre ofthe bondmen, where the bodies of the flaine had lien upon Scordium any long time, before they were 
buried, they were found to be lefle putrified than others, that had not fallen thereupon, efpecially thofe parts that 
were next the hearbe ; which obfervation bred a perfwalion of the vertuc thereof to bee effeCtuall, as well againft 
the poifon of venemous creatures, as the venome of poifonfull hearbes or medicines. It is a fpeciall ingredient both 
in Mithridate and Treakle, as a counterpoifon againft all poifons, and infections either of the plague or peftilentiall 
or other Epidemicall difeafes, as the fmallpockes, meafels,faintlpots,or purples: and the Ele&uary made thereof, 
named Diafcordiumfs effe&uall for all the faid purpofes : and befides is often given,and with good fuccefie before 
the fits of agues, to divert or hinder the accede, and thereby to drive them away. It is often taken alfo as a Cordial! 
to comfort and ftrengthen the heart. It is a moft certaine and knowne common remedy to kill the wormes, either 
in the ftomacke or belly, to take a little of the juyee thereof, or the powder in dr inke fading. 1 he deco&ion of the 
dryed hearbe with two or three rootes of Tormentill diced, and given to thofe that are troubled with the bloody 
flixe 3 is a fafe and fure remedy for them. The juyee of the hearbe alone taken, or a Syrupemade thereof is profita¬ 
ble for many ofthe forenamed grietes. The dryed hearbe being ufed with a little honey deanfeth foule ulcers, 
and bringeth them to cicatrizing, as alfo clofethfrefh wounds: the dryed hearbe made into a cerate or pultis, and 
applyed to excrefcences in the ftefh, as Wens and fuch like, helpeth both to condraine the matter from further bree¬ 
ding of them, as alfo to difeude and difperfe them being growne. It being ufed alfo with vineger or water, and 
applyed to the gowt, eafeth the paines thereof. The greene hearbe bruifed and laid or bound to any wound, hea- 
leth it, be it never fo great. Wood Sage is hot and dry in the fecond degree, the deco&ion thereof is good to bee 
given to thofe whole urine is ftayed, for it provoketh it and womens courfes alfo. It is thought to be good againft 
the French poxe, becaufe the deco&ion thereof drunke doth provoke Iweat, digefteth humours, and dilfolveth 
L j fw el lings- 
