BUSHBUCKS, KOODOOS, AND ELANDS 445 
the difference in the shape of the horns, and their absence in 
the female, and the bushy tail. Besides the color differences 
from the greater koodoo, there are some distinctions in the 
skull. The snout is longer, the premaxillary bones being 
much longer than in the greater koodoo. The genus con¬ 
tains but one species, the lesser koodoo. 
East African Lesser Koodoo 
Ammelaphus imberbis australis 
Native Names: Swahili, kungu; Duruma, chakzua . 
Ammelaphus imberbis australis Heller, 1913, Smith. Misc. Coll., vol. 61, No. 
13, p. 2. 
Range. —From Ugogo, in central German East Africa, 
northward through the Rift Valley to the British East 
African border, where it spreads eastward to the coast and 
northward to southern Abyssinia and Somaliland; not oc¬ 
curring above an altitude of three thousand feet. 
The typical lesser koodoo was first described by Edward 
Blyth in 1869, but it was not for several years afterward that 
the difference with the greater koodoo was clearly defined, 
owing to the absence of specimens in Europe. Sir John 
Kirk obtained the first specimens in East Africa, in 1873, 
at Brava near the mouth of the Juba River. Later Wil¬ 
loughby and Jackson obtained specimens in the Taita coun¬ 
try, east of Kilimanjaro. The present race was recently 
described from specimens secured by the Rainey expedition, 
south of Mount Marsabit. 
The lesser koodoo inhabits the level, bush-covered desert 
at low altitudes, usually occurring in rather dense thickets 
and seldom in scattered or open bush. The males are usually 
solitary, but the females are found in smaller groups of two to 
four, with their young. Usually such groups are made up 
of an old female with a yearling offspring and a nursing kid. 
When startled they sometimes utter a sharp, barking call, 
similar to that made by the bushbuck, and bound away in 
great leaps, at times clearing bushes six feet high. Their 
feeding time is at dusk and again at dawn. The hot hours 
of midday are spent in the security of some impenetrable 
thicket. Their food consists chiefly of the twigs of acacias 
