458 
AFRICAN GAME ANIMALS 
female are 20 inches, those of the largest male in a series of 
three specimens 28^2 inches. Ward’s record male is 36 
inches in length of horns. 
Eland 
Taurotragus 
Taurotragus Wagner, 1855, Schreber’s Saiigethiere, Suppl., vol. V, p. 439; 
type, T. oryx Pallas. 
In the eland the horns are present in both sexes, curved 
in a close spiral, and marked by a prominent rounded keel 
which is most pronounced basally. The horns usually exceed 
the head in length, and are heaviest in the male but longer 
in the female. The skull has practically no characters, the 
two species differing more from each other in shape and rela¬ 
tive sizes of the lachrymal, nasal, and premaxillary bones than 
do the other genera of the Tragelaphince . The body size is 
large, about equalling the ox, but the legs are more slender 
and the neck deeper. A dorsal mane extends from the head 
to the shoulders. The lower throat is adorned by a pendent 
dewlap which is best developed in the male. The hair on 
forehead becomes lengthened and bushy in old males. The 
tail reaches the hocks and is tufted. Both sexes are marked 
on the body by from ten to sixteen narrow white transverse 
stripes which become obsolete in old males. The inside of 
the foreleg above the knee is marked by a dark transverse 
bar and the breast and the belly along the median line are 
marked by a broad blackish band. The living species are oryx 
and derbianus, both having one or more geographical races. 
The eland ranges in Africa from the Senegal and Gambia 
watersheds, the western affluents of the White Nile, Uganda 
and British East Africa from Gondokoro and Mount Elgon 
southward to the Cape region. They occur on open veldt 
and bush-covered country within a vertical range from sea- 
level to eight thousand feet. One Pliocene species is known 
from India and a later Pleistocene species from Algeria. 
The genus Paleoreas, which ranged from the Miocene to 
the Pliocene, is quite distinct, but shows the short rostrum 
of derbianus. It had, however, nearly vertically directed 
horns, like those of the koodoo, extending directly above 
the eyes. 
